Cerebral representation of the anorectum using functional magnetic resonance imaging

Anorectal continence depends not only on the organs of continence but also on cerebral control. There are relatively few data regarding cerebral processing of anorectal continence.

[1]  Michael Erb,et al.  Physiological self-regulation of regional brain activity using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): methodology and exemplary data , 2003, NeuroImage.

[2]  P. Rossini,et al.  Neurophysiological evaluation of central-peripheral sensory and motor pudendal fibres. , 1989, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[3]  U. Frankenstein,et al.  Cortical mapping of visceral pain in patients with GI disorders using functional magnetic resonance imaging , 2002, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[4]  T. Olsen,et al.  Prevalence and risk factors of incontinence after stroke. The Copenhagen Stroke Study. , 1998, Stroke.

[5]  J. Craig.  Visceral pain. , 1948, Lancet.

[6]  J. Herdmann,et al.  Speed and pressure characteristics of external anal sphincter contractions. , 1995, The American journal of physiology.

[7]  L. Larsson,et al.  Examination of the descending pathway to the external anal sphincter and pelvic floor muscles by transcranial cortical stimulation. , 1990, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[8]  N. Read,et al.  Sensory and motor responses to rectal distention vary according to rate and pattern of balloon inflation. , 1990, Gastroenterology.

[9]  R. Kessler,et al.  Regional cerebral activation in irritable bowel syndrome and control subjects with painful and nonpainful rectal distention. , 2000, Gastroenterology.

[10]  K. Matzel,et al.  Neuroanatomy of the striated muscular anal continence mechanism , 1990, Diseases of the colon and rectum.

[11]  A Sundin,et al.  Identification of human brain loci processing esophageal sensation using positron emission tomography. , 1997, Gastroenterology.

[12]  J. Herdmann,et al.  Quantification of motor pathways to the pelvic floor in humans. , 1991, The American journal of physiology.

[13]  Stuart W G Derbyshire,et al.  A systematic Review of Neuroimaging Data During Visceral Stimulation , 2003, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[14]  J. Rothwell,et al.  Spinal and pudendal nerve modulation of human corticoanal motor pathways. , 1998, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[15]  K. D. Singh,et al.  The cortical topography of human anorectal musculature. , 1999, Gastroenterology.

[16]  W. Whitehead,et al.  PERCEPTION OF RECTAL DISTENSION IS NECESSARY TO PREVENT FECAL INCONTINENCE , 1981 .

[17]  S. Minoshima,et al.  Pathobiology of visceral pain: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications V. Central nervous system processing of somatic and visceral sensory signals. , 2000, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[18]  B. Vogt,et al.  Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour. , 1995, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[19]  N. Birbaumer,et al.  Cerebral Activation during Anal and Rectal Stimulation , 2001, NeuroImage.

[20]  H. Aronen,et al.  [Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain]. , 1997, Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja.

[21]  C. L. Kwan,et al.  The relationship between rectal pain, unpleasantness, and urge to defecate in normal subjects , 2002, Pain.

[22]  M. Camilleri,et al.  Rectal tone, distensibility, and perception: reproducibility and response to different distensions. , 1998, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[23]  Reza Shaker,et al.  Cerebral cortical representation of external anal sphincter contraction: effect of effort. , 2004, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[24]  P. Roland.  Cortical representation of pain , 1992, Trends in Neurosciences.

[25]  A. Wald,et al.  Prevalence of bowel dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. A population survey. , 1990, Gastroenterology.

[26]  G. Holstege,et al.  A PET study on cortical and subcortical control of pelvic floor musculature in women , 1997, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[27]  Kaundinya S. Gopinath,et al.  Central representation of visceral and cutaneous hypersensitivity in the irritable bowel syndrome , 2003, PAIN®.

[28]  J. Hyde,et al.  Gender differences in cortical representation of rectal distension in healthy humans. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[29]  R A Koeppe,et al.  Positron emission tomographic analysis of cerebral structures activated specifically by repetitive noxious heat stimuli. , 1994, Journal of neurophysiology.

[30]  R. Shaker,et al.  Cerebral cortical registration of subliminal visceral stimulation. , 2002, Gastroenterology.

[31]  A. Schnitzler,et al.  Functional Neuroimaging of Visceral Sensation , 2000, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[32]  R. Peyron,et al.  Functional imaging of brain responses to pain. A review and meta-analysis (2000) , 2000, Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology.

[33]  Q Aziz,et al.  A study of the cortical processing of ano-rectal sensation using functional MRI. , 2001, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[34]  M. Bushnell,et al.  Differentiation of visceral and cutaneous pain in the human brain. , 2003, Journal of neurophysiology.

[35]  M. Torrens.  Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268 , 1990 .

[36]  J. Le Bas,et al.  Central processing of rectal pain: a functional MR imaging study. , 1999, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[37]  D. Hannequin,et al.  Anorectal manometric anomalies in seven patients with frontal lobe brain damage , 1990, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[38]  D. Tank,et al.  Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.