Influence of end-effect on torque-speed characteristics of various switched flux permanent magnet machine topologies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate and compare the influence of end-effect on the torque-speed characteristics of three conventional switched flux permanent magnet (SFPM) machines having different stator/rotor pole combinations, i.e. 12/10, 12/13 and 12/14 as well as three novel topologies with less permanent magnets (PMs), i.e. multi-tooth, E-core and C-core. Design/methodology/approach – SFPM machines combine the advantages of simple and robust rotor and easy management of the temperature due to the location of the PMs and armature windings on the stator. However, due to spoke location of the PMs a large flux leakage in the end region, i.e. end-effect, can be observed which could result in a large reduction in the electromagnetic performance. Therefore, the influence of end-effect on the torque-speed characteristics is investigated. 3D-finite element analyses (FEA) results are compared with their 2D-FEA counterparts in order to account for the end-effect influence. Findings – It has b...

[1]  Ming Cheng,et al.  Quantitative Comparison of Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Motors With Interior Permanent Magnet Motor for EV, HEV, and PHEV Applications , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[2]  T.J.E. Miller,et al.  Field-weakening performance of brushless synchronous AC motor drives , 1994 .

[3]  E. Hoang,et al.  A new hybrid-excited flux-switching machine with excitation coils in stator slots , 2012, 2012 15th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS).

[4]  D. Howe,et al.  Modeling of end-effect in flux-switching permanent magnet machines , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS).

[5]  Wei Hua,et al.  A new modular flux-switching permanent-magnet machine using fault-tolerant teeth , 2010, Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation.

[6]  G. Barakat,et al.  Quasi-3-D analytical modeling of the magnetic field of an axial flux permanent-magnet synchronous machine , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[7]  Y. J. Zhou,et al.  Torque Density and Magnet Usage Efficiency Enhancement of Sandwiched Switched Flux Permanent Magnet Machines Using V-Shaped Magnets , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[8]  M. J. Hoeijmakers,et al.  Modeling of a linear PM Machine including magnetic saturation and end effects: maximum force-to-current ratio , 2003 .

[9]  Johannes J. H. Paulides,et al.  Flux-Switching Machine With DC Excitation , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[10]  Geraint W. Jewell,et al.  Multiphase Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Brushless Machine for Aerospace Application , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[11]  Yongling Fu,et al.  Flux-Weakening Control of Nonsalient Pole PMSM Having Large Winding Inductance, Accounting for Resistive Voltage Drop and Inverter Nonlinearities , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[12]  Elena A. Lomonova,et al.  Comparison of flux‐switching machines and permanent magnet synchronous machines in an in‐wheel traction application , 2012 .

[13]  E. Hoang,et al.  Hybrid excitation synchronous permanent magnets synchronous machines optimally designed for hybrid and full electrical vehicle , 2011, 8th International Conference on Power Electronics - ECCE Asia.

[14]  D. Howe,et al.  Analysis of electromagnetic performance of flux-switching permanent-magnet Machines by nonlinear adaptive lumped parameter magnetic circuit model , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[15]  Chao-hui Zhao,et al.  Influence factor analysis of PMSM air gap flux density , 2005, 2005 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems.

[16]  Masayuki Sanada,et al.  Interior permanent magnet linear synchronous motor for high performance drives , 1996, IAS '96. Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting.

[17]  Z. Q. Zhu,et al.  Influence of end-effect and cross-coupling on torque-speed characteristics of switched flux permanent magnet machines , 2011, 8th International Conference on Power Electronics - ECCE Asia.

[18]  Ziqiang Zhu,et al.  A Novel Hybrid-Excited Switched-Flux Brushless AC Machine for EV/HEV Applications , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[20]  E. Hoang,et al.  A new structure of a switching flux synchronous polyphased machine with hybrid excitation , 2007, 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[21]  G. Henneberger,et al.  Examination of leakage and end effects in a linear synchronous motor for vertical transportation by means of finite element computation , 2001 .

[22]  D. Howe,et al.  Analysis of a Novel Multi-Tooth Flux-Switching PM Brushless AC Machine for High Torque Direct-Drive Applications , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[23]  Li Quan,et al.  Comparison and Analysis of Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Double-Rotor Machine With 4QT Used for HEV , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[24]  P.C.K. Luk,et al.  A novel outer-rotor permanent-magnet flux-switching machine for urban electric vehicle propulsion , 2009, 2009 3rd International Conference on Power Electronics Systems and Applications (PESA).

[25]  Z. Zhu,et al.  Hybrid-Excited Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Machines With Iron Flux Bridges , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[26]  Jiabin Wang,et al.  Design Considerations for Tubular Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[27]  Wei Hua,et al.  Investigation of End-Effect and Experimental Validation for Hybrid Excited Doubly Salient Machine , 2006, 2006 12th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation.

[28]  R. Deodhar,et al.  A novel hybrid excited flux-switching brushless AC Machines for EV/HEV applications , 2010, 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[29]  J.X. Shen,et al.  Novel Permanent Magnet Switching Flux Motors , 2006, Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference.

[30]  Geraint W. Jewell,et al.  Fault-Tolerant Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Brushless AC Machines , 2008, 2008 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[31]  D. Howe,et al.  Three-Dimensional Lumped-Parameter Magnetic Circuit Analysis of Single-Phase Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Motor , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[32]  D. C. J. Krop,et al.  Analysis of a novel double sided flux switching linear motor topology , 2010, The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010.

[33]  J. T. Chen,et al.  Influence of Slot Opening on Optimal Stator and Rotor Pole Combination and Electromagnetic Performance of Switched-Flux PM Brushless AC Machines , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[34]  D. Howe,et al.  Investigation of end effect in permanent magnet brushless machines having magnets on the stator , 2006 .

[35]  Gan Zhang,et al.  A Novel Hybrid Excitation Flux-Switching Motor for Hybrid Vehicles , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[36]  M. Sanada,et al.  Effects and Compensation of Magnetic Saturation in Flux-Weakening Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives , 1994 .

[37]  M. Cheng,et al.  Investigation of End-Effect in Brushless Machines Having Magnets in The Stator with Doubly Salient Structure , 2006, INTERMAG 2006 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference.

[38]  R. Deodhar,et al.  A novel E-core flux-switching PM brushless AC machine , 2010, 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[39]  Chris Gerada,et al.  Fault tolerant winding technology comparison for Flux Switching Machine , 2010, The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010.