Industrial enzyme applications.

The effective catalytic properties of enzymes have already promoted their introduction into several industrial products and processes. Recent developments in biotechnology, particularly in areas such as protein engineering and directed evolution, have provided important tools for the efficient development of new enzymes. This has resulted in the development of enzymes with improved properties for established technical applications and in the production of new enzymes tailor-made for entirely new areas of application where enzymes have not previously been used.

[1]  A. Kiener,et al.  Industrial biocatalysis today and tomorrow , 2001, Nature.

[2]  Alan R. Fersht,et al.  Directed evolution of new catalytic activity using the α/β-barrel scaffold , 2000, Nature.

[3]  L Pasamontes,et al.  Optimization of the catalytic properties of Aspergillus fumigatus phytase based on the three‐dimensional structure , 2000, Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society.

[4]  M. A. Martínez-Anaya,et al.  Thermal properties of doughs formulated with enzymes and starters , 1999 .

[5]  A. McAloon,et al.  Dry‐Grind Process for Fuel Ethanol by Continuous Fermentation and Stripping , 2000, Biotechnology progress.

[6]  C. Gustafsson,et al.  Directed evolution: the 'rational' basis for 'irrational' design. , 2000, Current opinion in structural biology.

[7]  Lindsay Jolly.  The commercial viability of fuel ethanol from sugar cane. , 2001 .

[8]  C. Voigt,et al.  Rational evolutionary design: the theory of in vitro protein evolution. , 2000, Advances in protein chemistry.

[9]  A. G. Day,et al.  Protein engineering of α-amylase for low pH performance , 1999 .

[10]  C. Collar,et al.  Effects of enzyme associations on bread dough performance. A response surface analysis/ Efectos de las asociaciones enzimáticas sobre la calidad funcional de masas panarias. Análisis de superficies de respuesta , 2000 .

[11]  X. Lei,et al.  Nutritional Benefits of Phytase and Dietary Determinants of its Efficacy , 2000 .

[12]  P Sanz,et al.  Expression of LIP1 and LIP2 genes from Geotrichum species in Baker's yeast strains and their application to the bread-making process. , 1999, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[13]  Chiya Kuraishi,et al.  TRANSGLUTAMINASE: ITS UTILIZATION IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY , 2001 .

[14]  M. Wyss,et al.  Expression, Gene Cloning, and Characterization of Five Novel Phytases from Four Basidiomycete Fungi: Peniophora lycii, Agrocybe pediades, a Ceriporia sp., and Trametes pubescens , 2001, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[15]  Michael Mccoy.  SOAPS & DETERGENTS: The surfactant industry squeezed between soaring feedstock costs and customers in turmoil, is getting a new roster of leaders , 2001 .

[16]  B. Hartley,et al.  Glucose isomerase: insights into protein engineering for increased thermostability. , 2000, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[17]  X. Lei,et al.  Biotechnological development of effective phytases for mineral nutrition and environmental protection , 2001, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[18]  G J Davies,et al.  X-ray structure of Novamyl, the five-domain "maltogenic" alpha-amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: maltose and acarbose complexes at 1.7A resolution. , 1999, Biochemistry.

[19]  Frances H. Arnold,et al.  Cold Adaptation of a Mesophilic Subtilisin-like Protease by Laboratory Evolution* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[20]  A. McAloon,et al.  Fermentation and costs of fuel ethanol from corn with quick-germ process , 2001, Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.

[21]  M. Lehmann,et al.  From DNA sequence to improved functionality: using protein sequence comparisons to rapidly design a thermostable consensus phytase. , 2000, Protein engineering.

[22]  W. Sauer,et al.  Effect of phytase on protein and amino acid digestibility and energy utilisation , 2001 .

[23]  A. Wheals,et al.  Fuel ethanol after 25 years. , 1999, Trends in biotechnology.

[24]  J. Nielsen,et al.  Fuel ethanol production from lignocellulose: a challenge for metabolic engineering and process integration , 2001, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[25]  T. Borchert,et al.  Development of Industrially Important α-Amylases , 1999 .

[26]  Jon E. Ness,et al.  DNA shuffling of subgenomic sequences of subtilisin , 1999, Nature Biotechnology.

[27]  G. Guebitz,et al.  Bio-preparation of cotton fabrics , 2001 .

[28]  K. Clausen.  Enzymatic oil‐degumming by a novel microbial phospholipase , 2001 .

[29]  R. Huber,et al.  Probing structural determinants specifying high thermostability in Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase. , 2000, Journal of molecular biology.

[30]  P. Roepstorff,et al.  Glucoamylase: structure/function relationships, and protein engineering. , 2000, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[31]  K. Yokoyama,et al.  Overproduction of Microbial Transglutaminase in Escherichia coli, In Vitro Refolding, and Characterization of the Refolded Form , 2000, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.