Cocomposting of olive mill waste for the production of soil amendments

Although olive mill wastes (OMW) are characterized as phytotoxic and considered a threat to the environment, they also contain substances (e.g., organic matter, minerals, and nutrients) that are essential for crop growth. For this reason, composting has been deemed a rather attractive valorization method for OMW. A vast number of applications and experiments concerning OMW composting have been conducted using various operational parameters (e.g., bulking agents, aeration strategies, and C/N ratios). This chapter presents a brief literature overview on this topic, as well as the design and operation of two OMW case studies (pilot-scale and full-scale approaches). Experimental results in pilot- and full-scale units revealed that composts deriving from OMW have excellent physicochemical characteristics with no phytotoxic effects. However, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects should be evaluated before using these composts for agricultural purposes. Finally, this chapter also presents an integrated mathematical model of the OMW composting process that describes both physicochemical and biological processes.

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