Crímenes de guerra, justicia universal e inmunidades jurisdiccionales penales de los órganos del Estado

Volumen VIII - 2008 ISSN 1870-4654 CRIMENES DE GUERRA, JUSTICIA UNIVERSAL E INMUNIDADES JURISDICCIONALES PENALES DE LOS ORGANOS DEL ESTADO Julio JORGE URBINA * The repression of the war crimes based on the principle of universal jurisdiction is still creating problems when the people implied have the condition of State agents. Only when they will have stopped exercising its functions it will be possible prosecuting them over the base of the principle of universal jurisdiction, what results clearly unsatisfactory. For this reason the fight against impunity can not be limited to the establishment of mechanisms based in the international judicial cooperation for punishing the guilty. But also it requires that all the States take measures to obligate the State where the crimes are being committed, to accomplish with all its international obligations. This could include the destitution of the agent implied in one of these graves crimes. * Profesor de Derecho internacional publico en la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. * Nota: Debido que la traduccion es automatica podra ser inexacta o contener errores.

[1]  M. Frulli.  A Turning Point in International Efforts to Apprehend War Criminals: The Un Mandates Taylor's Arrest in Liberia , 2006 .

[2]  P. Santamaría.  Derecho, moral y eficacia en la práctica de sanciones del Consejo de Seguridad , 2005 .

[3]  Dapo Akande.  International Law Immunities and the International Criminal Court , 2004, American Journal of International Law.

[4]  Pierre D'argent.  L'expérience belge de la compétence universelle : beaucoup de bruit pour rien ? , 2004 .

[5]  B. I. Bonafe.  Imputazione all'individuo di crimini internazionali e immunità dell'organo , 2004 .

[6]  M. Arocena.  Soberanía, justicia universal e inmunidad de jurisdicción en los asuntos: República Democrática del Congo c. Bélgica y República del Congo c. Francia. , 2004 .

[7]  J. Marks.  Mending the Web: Universal Jurisdiction, Humanitarian Intervention and the Abrogation of Immunity by the Security Council , 2003 .

[8]  P. A. Nollkaemper,et al.  Concurrence between Individual Responsibility and State Responsibility in International Law , 2003, International and Comparative Law Quarterly.

[9]  P. Gaeta.  Ratione Materiae Immunities of Former Heads of State and International Crimes: The Hissène Habré Case , 2003 .

[10]  Darryl Robinson.  The Impact of the Human Rights Accountability Movement on the International Law of Immunities , 2003, Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international.

[11]  B. Broomhall.  International justice and the International Criminal Court , 2003 .

[12]  Y. Daudet.  L' action des Nations Unies en matière d' administration territoriale , 2003 .

[13]  Lucius Caflisch.  La pratique suisse en matière de droit international public 2003. , 2003 .

[14]  Michael A. Tunks.  Diplomats or Defendants? Defining the Future of Head-of-State Immunity , 2002 .

[15]  A. Cassese.  When May Senior State Officials Be Tried for International Crimes? Some Comments on the Congo v. Belgium Case , 2002 .

[16]  Steffen Wirth.  Immunity for Core Crimes? The ICJ's Judgment in the Congo v. Belgium Case , 2002 .

[17]  Marco Sassòli,et al.  State responsibility for violations of international humanitarian law , 2002, Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge/International Review of the Red Cross.

[18]  P. Gaeta.  Official capacity and immunities , 2002 .

[19]  Marc Henzelin.  La competence pénale universelle. Une question non resolue par l'arrêt Yerodia , 2002 .

[20]  Santiago Torres Bernárdez.  Acerca de las inmunidades del Jefe de Estado o de Gobierno en Derecho internacional y de sus límites. , 2002 .

[21]  B. Stern.  Les dits et les non dits de la Cour internationale de Justice dans l'affaire RDC contre Belgique , 2002 .

[22]  F. J. García.  Justicia universal e inmunidades estatales: justicia o impunidad, ¿una encrucijada dualista para el Derecho Internacional? , 2002 .

[23]  M. Ruffert.  Pinochet Follow up: The End of Sovereign Immunity? , 2001 .

[24]  S. Zappalà.  Do Heads of State in Office Enjoy Immunity from Jurisdiction for International Crimes? The Ghaddafi Case Before the French Cour de Cassation , 2001 .

[25]  M. González.  El Derecho Internacional Humanitario en busca de su eficacia , 2001 .

[26]  Luis Benavides.  The Universal Jurisdiction Principle: Nature and Scope , 2001 .

[27]  M. M. Martínez.  Jurisdicción Universal y Crimenes Internacionales , 2001 .

[28]  L. Durban.  La responsabilidad internacional, ¿crímenes de Estados y/o de individuos? , 2000 .

[29]  M. Penrose.  It's Good to Be the King!: Prosecuting Heads of State and Former Heads of State Under International Law , 2000 .

[30]  P. Dupuy.  Crimes et immunités, ou dans quelle mesure la nature des premiers empêche l'exercice des secondes , 1999 .

[31]  C. Dominicé.  Quelques observations sur l'immunité de juridiction pénale de l'ancien chef d'Etat , 1999 .

[32]  C. Dominicé.  La question de la double responsabilité de l'Etat et de son agent , 1999 .

[33]  L. Corrochano.  Spanish practice , 1996, Nature.

[34]  Antonio Truyol.  Soberanía del Estado y Derecho internacional , 1958 .

[35]  O. J. Lissitzyn,et al.  Droit International et Souverainete en U. R. S. S. L'evolution de l'Ideologie Juridique Sovietique Depuis la Revolution d'Octobre. , 1954 .