Nonparametric Statistics: Use and Nonuse

This paper clarifies the distinctions among parametric, non-parametric, and distribution free statistical tests. The principal circumstances prompting the use of nonparametric procedures, both rank order and qualitative data Techniques, are identified and illustrated. Historical factors and disciplinary orientations affecting the use of nonparametric procedures are discussed. Finally, some conditions which are conducive to the more frequent use of nonparametric statistics are identified.

[1]  T. Gerig.  A Multivariate Extension of Friedman's χ2 r -Test , 1969 .

[2]  L. A. Goodman,et al.  Measures of Association for Cross Classifications. II: Further Discussion and References , 1959 .

[3]  Leo A. Goodman,et al.  A Modified Multiple Regression Approach to the Analysis of Dichotomous Variables , 1972 .

[4]  Leo A. Goodman,et al.  A General Model for the Analysis of Surveys , 1972, American Journal of Sociology.

[5]  L. Festinger,et al.  Research Methods in the Behavioral Sciences. , 1954 .

[6]  William J. Moonan,et al.  Recent Developments in Statistical Theory , 1948 .

[7]  M. Bartlett.  Contingency Table Interactions , 1935 .

[8]  Stephen E. Fienberg,et al.  Discrete Multivariate Analysis: Theory and Practice , 1976 .

[9]  J. Blum,et al.  Chapter VIII: Nonparametric Methods , 1954 .

[10]  G. Koch.  The use of non-parametric methods in the statistical analysis of a complex split plot experiment. , 1970, Biometrics.

[11]  Frederick Mosteller,et al.  Association and Estimation in Contingency Tables , 1968 .

[12]  Jayant V. Deshpande,et al.  A Nonparametric Introduction to Statistics. , 1970 .

[13]  Paul E. Green,et al.  On the Analysis of Qualitative Data in Marketing Research , 1977 .

[14]  L. A. Goodman.  The Multivariate Analysis of Qualitative Data: Interactions among Multiple Classifications , 1970 .

[15]  L. Moses,et al.  “Non‐parametric Statistics for Psychological Research.” , 1954, Psychological bulletin.

[16]  James F. Horrell,et al.  A NOTE ON A MULTIVARIATE GENERALIZATION OF THE KRUSKAL‐WALLIS TEST , 1975 .

[17]  Wayne W. Daniel.  Nonparametric Methods for Quantitative Analysis , 1977 .

[18]  P. Sen,et al.  Theory of rank tests , 1969 .

[19]  L. A. Goodman.  The Analysis of Cross-Classified Data: Independence, Quasi-Independence, and Interactions in Contingency Tables with or without Missing Entries , 1968 .

[20]  A. E. Maxwell,et al.  Analysing Qualitative Data , 1962 .

[21]  Karen F. Swoope,et al.  Teacher as token dispenser: Effect of an observer , 1976 .

[22]  L. A. Goodman,et al.  Measures of Association for Cross Classifications, IV: Simplification of Asymptotic Variances , 1972 .

[23]  W. W. Daniel.  Applied Nonparametric Statistics , 1979 .

[24]  Eugene S. Edgington,et al.  Statistical inference : the distribution-free approach , 1969 .

[25]  Gary G. Koch,et al.  Analyzing Panel Data with Uncontrolled Attrition , 1974 .

[26]  Richard C. Clelland,et al.  Nonparametric and shortcut statistics in the social, biological, and medical sciences , 1957 .

[27]  L. A. Marascuilo,et al.  Nonparametric and Distribution-Free Methods for the Social Sciences , 1977 .

[28]  Gary G. Koch,et al.  Some Aspects of the Statistical Analysis of “Split Plot” Experiments in Completely Randomized Layouts , 1969 .

[29]  S. Haberman.  Analysis of qualitative data , 1978 .

[30]  L. A. Goodman,et al.  Measures of Association for Cross Classifications III: Approximate Sampling Theory , 1963 .

[31]  H. Dennis Tolley,et al.  A Linear Models Approach to the Analysis of Survival and Extent of Disease in Multidimensional Contingency Tables , 1972 .

[32]  G G Koch,et al.  A general methodology for the analysis of experiments with repeated measurement of categorical data. , 1977, Biometrics.

[33]  S. Haberman,et al.  The analysis of frequency data , 1974 .

[34]  G. Koch,et al.  The analysis of categorical data from mixed models , 1971 .

[35]  G. Koch,et al.  Analysis of categorical data by linear models. , 1969, Biometrics.

[36]  W. Kruskal.  Historical Notes on the Wilcoxon Unpaired Two-Sample Test , 1957 .

[37]  L. A. Goodman,et al.  Measures of association for cross classifications , 1979 .

[38]  Albert Pierce,et al.  Fundamentals of Nonparametric Statistics , 1970 .

[39]  David R. Cox.  The analysis of binary data , 1970 .

[40]  William J. Moonan,et al.  Chapter V: Recent Developments in Statistical Theory , 1948 .

[41]  G. Koch,et al.  THE INFLUENCE OF INCOME AND OTHER FACTORS ON WHETHER CRIMINAL DEFENDANTS GO TO PRISON , 1976 .

[42]  J. Wolfowitz,et al.  Additive Partition Functions and a Class of Statistical Hypotheses , 1942 .

[43]  T. Gerig.  A Multivariate Extension of Friedman's χ r 2-Test with Random Covariates , 1975 .

[44]  Leo A. Goodman,et al.  Simple Methods for Analyzing Three-Factor Interaction in Contingency Tables , 1964 .