Spin–Orbit Alignment of the TrES-4 Transiting Planetary System and Possible Additional Radial-Velocity Variation

We report new radial velocities of the TrES-4 transiting planetary system, including observations of a full planetary transit, with the High Dispersion Spectrograph on the Subaru 8.2 m telescope. Modeling of the Rossiter– McLaughlin effect indicates that the exoplanet TrES-4b has a sky-projected angle of � = 6:

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