Human, Social and Organisational Influences on the Software Process

This paper discusses some human, social and organisational considerations which affect software processes and the introduction of software process technology. We discuss how to analyse software processes as human rather than technical processes, how process improvement through the introduction of process technology may be limited because of non-technical factors and how processes are influenced by national and organisational cultures. In each case, we suggest the implications of these human, social and organisational factors for software process researchers.

[1]  Claude Godart,et al.  ALF: a framework for building process-centred software engineering environments , 1994 .

[2]  Batya Friedman,et al.  Educating computer scientists: linking the social and the technical , 1994, CACM.

[3]  B. I. Blum,et al.  Characterizing the software process , 1994 .

[4]  Anthony Hall,et al.  Seven myths of formal methods , 1990, IEEE Software.

[5]  Watts S. Humphrey,et al.  Software process improvement at Hughes Aircraft , 1991, IEEE Software.

[6]  Meir M. Lehman Process models, process programs, programming support , 1987, ICSE '87.

[7]  Brian Warboys,et al.  The IPSE 2.5 project: a process model based architecture , 1989 .

[8]  Leon J. Osterweil,et al.  Software processes are software too , 1987, ISPW.

[9]  Sunil K. Sarin,et al.  Experiences with workflow management: issues for the next generation , 1994, CSCW '94.

[10]  Rudy Hirschheim,et al.  Information Systems and User Resistance: Theory and Practice , 1988, Comput. J..

[11]  Watts S. Humphrey Software and the factory paradigm , 1991, Softw. Eng. J..

[12]  R. Belfield The process of innovation. , 1977, Science.

[13]  Morten Kyng,et al.  Design at Work , 1992 .

[14]  Jonathan Grudin,et al.  Groupware and social dynamics: eight challenges for developers , 1994, CACM.

[15]  Michael Hammer,et al.  Reengineering Work: Don’t Automate, Obliterate , 1990 .

[16]  P. N. Le Quesne Individual and Organisational Factors and the Design of IPSEs , 1988, Comput. J..

[17]  Bill Curtis,et al.  A field study of the software design process for large systems , 1988, CACM.

[18]  Richard Bentley,et al.  Ethnographically-informed systems design for air traffic control , 1992, CSCW '92.

[19]  Jacques Lonchamp An assessment exercise , 1994 .

[20]  Gail E. Kaiser,et al.  An architecture for multi-user software development environments , 1992, SDE 5.

[21]  L. Suchman Plans and situated actions , 1987 .

[22]  Andrew Clement,et al.  Computing at work: empowering action by “low-level users” , 1994, CACM.

[23]  Ian Sommerville,et al.  Process Viewpoints , 1995, EWSPT.

[24]  Vincenzo Ambriola,et al.  OIKOS: constructing process-centred SDEs , 1994 .

[25]  Leon J. Osterweil,et al.  ISPW-6 Software Process Example , 1991, Proceedings. First International Conference on the Software Process,.

[26]  Motoshi Saeki,et al.  Software engineering in Asia , 1994, IEEE Software.

[27]  Christian Heath,et al.  Collaborative Activity and Technological Design: Task Coordination in London Underground Control Rooms , 1991, ECSCW.