Increasing splitting ratio of 10Gb/s-class PONs by using FW-DMF that acts as low loss splitter for upstream and conventional splitter for downstream

A simple optical splitter, a dual-mode fiber (DMF) is connected to a funnel-shaped waveguide (FW), is proposed and the feasibility of a 128-way 10G-EPON system using a 1 × 16 prototype is experimentally demonstrated.