Effects of bracing in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.

From the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City (S.L.W., L.A.D.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto (J.G.W.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis (M.B.D.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Weinstein at the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA 52242, or at stuart-weinstein@uiowa.edu.

[1]  P. Newton,et al.  Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Surrogate Outcomes, and the Number Needed to Treat , 2012, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[2]  J de Lange,et al.  An evidence-based review? , 2010, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[3]  M. Berger,et al.  Effect of bracing and other conservative interventions in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents: a systematic review of clinical trials. , 2005, Physical therapy.

[4]  C. Ottaviani,et al.  Effectiveness of Nonsurgical Treatment for Idiopathic Scoliosis Overview of Available Evidence , 1991, Spine.

[5]  D. Rubin,et al.  The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects , 1983 .

[6]  Michael Seid,et al.  The PedsQL 4.0 as a pediatric population health measure: feasibility, reliability, and validity. , 2003, Ambulatory pediatrics : the official journal of the Ambulatory Pediatric Association.

[7]  A. Nachemson,et al.  Effectiveness of treatment with a brace in girls who have adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A prospective, controlled study based on data from the Brace Study of the Scoliosis Research Society. , 1995, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[8]  A. Petersen,et al.  A self-image questionnaire for young adolescents (SIQYA): Reliability and validity studies , 1984, Journal of youth and adolescence.

[9]  M. Alegría,et al.  Effectiveness of TLSO bracing in the conservative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. , 1995, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[10]  A. Nachemson,et al.  A Prospective Study of Brace Treatment Versus Observation Alone in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Follow-up Mean of 16 Years After Maturity , 2007, Spine.

[11]  V. Sabesan,et al.  Preference assessment of recruitment into a randomized trial for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. , 2008, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[12]  D. Katz,et al.  Brace wear control of curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. , 2010, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[13]  J. Risser,et al.  The Classic: The Iliac Apophysis: An Invaluable Sign in the Management of Scoliosis , 2009, Clinical orthopaedics.

[14]  J. Risser.  The classic: The iliac apophysis: an invaluable sign in the management of scoliosis. 1958. , 2010, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[15]  M. Ylikoski.  Growth and progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in girls , 2005, Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B.

[16]  S. Weinstein,et al.  Curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis. , 1983, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[17]  M. Swiontkowski.  Evidence-Based Orthopaedics: The Best Answers to Clinical Questions , 2009 .

[18]  D. Finegold,et al.  Predicting scoliosis progression from skeletal maturity: a simplified classification during adolescence. , 2008, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[19]  B. S. Richards,et al.  Standardization of Criteria for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Brace Studies: SRS Committee on Bracing and Nonoperative Management , 2005, Spine.

[20]  E. Fogarty,et al.  Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: The Effect of Brace Treatment on the Incidence of Surgery , 2001, Spine.

[21]  Michael Lankes,et al.  The Objective Determination of Compliance in Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With Spinal Orthoses , 2006, Spine.

[22]  Stuart L. Weinstein,et al.  Surgical Rates After Observation and Bracing for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: An Evidence-Based Review , 2007, Spine.

[23]  S. Weinstein,et al.  Design of the Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial (BrAIST) , 2013, Spine.

[24]  J. Hall,et al.  A statistical comparison between natural history of idiopathic scoliosis and brace treatment in skeletally immature adolescent girls. , 1993, Spine.

[25]  D. Gardner-Bonneau,et al.  A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Non-Operative Treatments for Idiopathic Scoliosis*† , 1997, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[26]  P. O'Brien,et al.  A multiple testing procedure for clinical trials. , 1979, Biometrics.

[27]  Michael Seid,et al.  PedsQL™ 4.0: Reliability and Validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales in Healthy and Patient Populations , 2001, Medical care.

[28]  D. Armstrong,et al.  A Comparison of the Thoracolumbosacral Orthoses and Providence Orthosis in the Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Results Using the New SRS Inclusion and Assessment Criteria for Bracing Studies , 2007, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[29]  A. Bogucki.  Spinal orthoses. , 2002, Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja.

[30]  D L DeMets,et al.  Changing frequency of interim analysis in sequential monitoring. , 1989, Biometrics.

[31]  James O Sanders,et al.  The Spinal Appearance Questionnaire: Results of Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness Testing in Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis , 2007, Spine.

[32]  Nachiappan Chockalingam,et al.  Braces for Idiopathic Scoliosis in Adolescents , 2010, Spine.