Fundamentals in Handwriting Recognition

1: Introduction and overview of field.- Frontiers in handwriting recognition.- 2: Handwritten character recognition.- Historical review of theory and practice of handwritten character recognition.- Automatic recognition of handwritten characters.- Learning, representation, understanding and recognition of characters and words - an intelligent approach.- Digital transforms in handwriting recognition.- Pattern recognition with optimal margin classifiers.- 3: Handwritten word recognition.- On the robustness of recognition of degraded line images.- Invariant handwriting features useful in cursive script recognition.- Off-line recognition of bad quality handwritten words using prototypes.- Handwriting recognition by statistical methods.- Towards a visual recognition of cursive script.- A hierarchical handwritten word segmentation.- 4: Contextual methods in handwriting recognition.- Cursive words recognition: methods and strategies.- Hidden Markov models in handwriting recognition.- Language-level syntactic and semantic constraints applied to visual word recognition.- Verification of handwritten British postcodes using address features.- Improvement of OCR by language model.- An approximate string matching method for handwriting recognition post-processing using a dictionary.- 5: Neural networks in handwriting recognition.- Neural-net computing for machine recognition of handwritten English language text.- Cooperation of feedforward neural networks for handwritten digit recognition.- Normalisation and preprocessing for a recurrent network off-line handwriting recognition system.- 6: Architectures for handwriting.- Architectures for handwriting recognition.- 7: Databases for handwriting recognition.- Large database organization for document images.- 8: Signature recognition and verification.- A model-based dynamic signature verification system.- Algorithms for signature verification.- Handwritten signature verification: a global approach.- 9: Application of handwriting recognition.- Total approach for practical character recognition system development.- A pen-based music editor.

[1]  A. J. Jerri.  Correction to "The Shannon sampling theorem—Its various extensions and applications: A tutorial review" , 1979 .

[2]  F. J. Maarse,et al.  Produced and perceived writing slant: difference between up and down strokes. , 1983, Acta psychologica.

[3]  C. Tappert.  An Adaptive System for Handwriting Recognition , 1986 .

[4]  David L. Neuhoff,et al.  The Viterbi algorithm as an aid in text recognition (Corresp.) , 1975, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[5]  H. Pick,et al.  Geometric transformations of handwriting as a function of instruction and feedback. , 1983, Acta psychologica.

[6]  L. Rabiner,et al.  An introduction to hidden Markov models , 1986, IEEE ASSP Magazine.

[7]  A. Thomassen,et al.  Time, Size and Shape in Handwriting: Exploring Spatio-temporal Relationships at Different Levels , 1985 .

[8]  David W. Green,et al.  Context and motor control in handwriting , 1983 .

[9]  Lambertus Schomaker,et al.  Stroke- versus Character-based Recognition of On-line, Connected Cursive Script , 1991 .

[10]  Gerard P. van Galen,et al.  Handwriting: Issues for a psychomotor theory ☆ , 1991 .

[11]  Hans-Leo Teulings,et al.  Constancy in stationary and progressive handwriting , 1983 .

[12]  Sargur N. Srihari,et al.  Experiments in Text Recognition with Binary n-Gram and Viterbi Algorithms , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[13]  Jonathan J. Hull,et al.  Language-Level Syntactic and Semantic Constraints Applied to Visual Word Recognition , 1994 .

[14]  Nilo A Lindgren,et al.  Machine recognition of human language Part III - Cursive script recognition , 1965, IEEE Spectrum.

[15]  Eric Lecolinet,et al.  Off-line recognition of handwritten cursive script for the automatic reading of city names on real mail , 1990, [1990] Proceedings. 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[16]  Lambert Schomaker,et al.  Between-letter context effects in handwriting trajectories , 1986 .

[17]  Hans-Leo Teulings.  A Handwriting Recognition System Based on Properties of the Human Motor System , 1990 .

[18]  Réjean Plamondon,et al.  An evaluation of motor models of handwriting , 1989, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[19]  Lambert Schomaker,et al.  Invariant properties between stroke features in handwriting. , 1993, Acta psychologica.

[20]  A. Thomassen,et al.  Invariants in Handwriting: The Information Contained in a Motor Program , 1986 .

[21]  T. Flash,et al.  The coordination of arm movements: an experimentally confirmed mathematical model , 1985, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[22]  Lambert Schomaker,et al.  FITTS LAW AS A LOW-PASS FILTER EFFECT OF MUSCLE-STIFFNESS , 1992 .

[23]  R. Stephenson.  A and V , 1962, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[24]  A. Thomassen,et al.  Preparation of partly precued handwriting movements: The size of movement units in handwriting , 1983 .

[25]  Hans-Leo Teulings,et al.  A DESCRIPTION OF HANDWRITING IN TERMS OF MAIN AXES , 1989 .

[26]  Y. Guiard.  On Fitts's and Hooke's laws: simple harmonic movement in upper-limb cyclical aiming. , 1993, Acta psychologica.

[27]  A. Wing.  The height of handwriting , 1980 .

[28]  Gerard P. van Galen,et al.  The independent monitoring of form and scale factors in handwriting , 1983 .

[29]  M. L. Meeks,et al.  MEASUREMENT OF DYNAMIC DIGITIZER PERFORMANCE , 1990 .

[30]  P Viviani,et al.  Segmentation and coupling in complex movements. , 1985, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[31]  Hans-Leo Teulings,et al.  Digital recording and processing of handwriting movements , 1984 .

[32]  M. Kadirkamanathan,et al.  A SCALE-SPACE FILTERING APPROACH TO STROKE SEGMENTATION OF CURSIVE SCRIPT , 1990 .

[33]  Pietro Morasso,et al.  How a discontinuous mechanism can produce continuous patterns in trajectory formation and handwriting , 1983 .

[34]  Lambertus Schomaker,et al.  Description of on-line script using Hollerbach's generation model. , 1993 .

[35]  A. Wing.  Response Timing in Handwriting , 1978 .

[36]  D. Chaffin,et al.  An investigation of fitts' law using a wide range of movement amplitudes. , 1976, Journal of motor behavior.

[37]  P. Viviani,et al.  The law relating the kinematic and figural aspects of drawing movements. , 1983, Acta psychologica.

[38]  George M. Miller.  Real-Time Classification of Handwritten Script Words , 1971, IFIP Congress.

[39]  Jonathan J. Hull,et al.  A hidden Markov model for language syntax in text recognition , 1992, Proceedings., 11th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition. Vol.II. Conference B: Pattern Recognition Methodology and Systems.

[40]  Lambertus Schomaker,et al.  Feature description of optically scanned handwritten words. I , 1993 .

[41]  D. Margolin.  The neuropsychology of Writing and Spelling: Semantic, Phonological, Motor, and Perceptual Processes , 1984, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology.