Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol models response to different amount and altitude of SO 2 injections during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption

. Recent model inter-comparison studies highlighted model discrepancies in reproducing the climatic impacts of large explosive volcanic eruptions, calling into question the reliability of global aerosol model simulations for future scenarios. Here, we analyse the simulated evolution of the stratospheric aerosol plume following the well observed June 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption by six interactive stratospheric aerosol microphysics models in comparison to a range of observational data sets. Our primary focus is on the uncertainties regarding initial SO 2 emission following the Pinatubo eruption in 1991, as pre- 5 scribed in the Historical Eruptions SO 2 Emission Assessment experiments (HErSEA), in the framework of the Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (ISA-MIP). Six global models with interactive aerosol microphysics took part in this study: ECHAM6-SALSA, EMAC, ECHAM5-HAM, SOCOL-AERv2, ULAQ-CCM and UM-UKCA. Model simulations are performed by varying SO 2 injection amount (ranging between 5 and 10 Tg-S), and the altitude of injection (between 18-25 km). sets of initial parameters for the stratospheric SO 2 , both in terms of magnitude (5, 7 or 10 Tg-S injected) and altitude of the SO 2 plume (18-20, 21-23, 18-23 km, uniformly distributed). We found that different sets of initial conditions of the volcanic emissions are required in different models to reproduce available observations from that time period. The experiment protocol that best fits the observation also changes in some models depending on the variables to be considered (aerosol optical depth, effective radius, sulfate burden, surface area density).

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