Coupling Effect of State-of-Health and State-of-Charge on the Mechanical Integrity of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Two governing factors that influence the electrochemical behaviors of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), namely, state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH), are constantly interchanged, thus hindering the understanding of the mechanical integrity of LIBs. This study investigates the electrochemical failure of LIBs with various SOHs and SOCs subjected to abusive mechanical loading. Comprehensive experiments on LiNi0.8CoO15Al0.05O2 (NCA) LIB show that SOH reduction leads to structural stiffness and that the change trend varies with SOC value. Low SOH, however, may mitigate this phenomenon. Electrochemical failure strain at short circuit has no relationship with SOC or SOH, whereas failure stress increases with the increase of SOC value. Experiments on three types of batteries, namely, NCA, LiCoO2 (LCO), and LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries, indicate that their mechanical behaviors share similar SOH-dependency properties. SOH also significantly influences failure stress, temperature increase, and stiffness, whereas its effect on failure strain is minimal. Results may provide valuable insights for the fundamental understanding of the electrochemically and mechanically coupled integrity of LIBs and establish a solid foundation for LIB crash-safety design in electric vehicles.

[1]  T. Wierzbicki,et al.  Homogenized mechanical properties for the jellyroll of cylindrical Lithium-ion cells , 2013 .

[2]  E. Ovrum,et al.  Modelling lithium-ion battery hybrid ship crane operation , 2015 .

[3]  Pengjian Zuo,et al.  Lithium deposition on graphite anode during long-term cycles and the effect on capacity loss , 2014 .

[4]  S. T. Picraux,et al.  In situ atomic-scale imaging of electrochemical lithiation in silicon. , 2012, Nature nanotechnology.

[5]  Jun Xu,et al.  State of Charge Dependent Mechanical Integrity Behavior of 18650 Lithium-ion Batteries , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[6]  Toshiyuki Momma,et al.  Influence of capacity fading on commercial lithium-ion battery impedance , 2003 .

[7]  Kurt Maute,et al.  Numerical modeling of electrochemical-mechanical interactions in lithium polymer batteries , 2009 .

[8]  Mark N. Obrovac,et al.  Structural changes in silicon anodes during lithium insertion/extraction , 2004 .

[9]  Huajian Gao,et al.  Microscopic model for fracture of crystalline Si nanopillars during lithiation , 2014 .

[10]  F. Du,et al.  Effects of Aging in Electrolyte on the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of the Li[Li0.18Ni0.15Co0.15Mn0.52]O2 Cathode Material , 2014 .

[11]  Yang Xia,et al.  Exploring the Energy Storage Mechanism of High Performance MnO2 Electrochemical Capacitor Electrodes: An In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Study in Aqueous Electrolyte , 2013 .

[12]  W. Jeong,et al.  Electrochemical cycling behavior of LiCoO2 cathode prepared by mechanical alloying of hydroxides , 2002 .

[13]  T. Wierzbicki,et al.  Modeling and short circuit detection of 18650 Li-ion cells under mechanical abuse conditions , 2012 .

[14]  Yang Yong,et al.  Electrochemical performance and capacity fading reason of LiMn2O4/graphite batteries stored at room temperature , 2009 .

[15]  Craig B. Arnold,et al.  On the coupling between stress and voltage in lithium-ion pouch cells , 2014, Sensing Technologies + Applications.

[16]  Doru C. Lupascu,et al.  Mechanical properties of commercial LixMn2O4 cathode under different States of Charge , 2015 .

[17]  W. Lai,et al.  Computational models for simulation of a lithium-ion battery module specimen under punch indentation , 2015 .

[18]  Zhigang Suo,et al.  Large Plastic Deformation in High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries Caused by Charge and Discharge , 2011 .

[19]  Dmitriy Minond,et al.  Discovery of an enzyme and substrate selective inhibitor of ADAM10 using an exosite-binding glycosylated substrate , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[20]  M. Verbrugge,et al.  Aging Mechanisms of LiFePO4 Batteries Deduced by Electrochemical and Structural Analyses , 2010 .

[21]  Y. Sakiyama,et al.  Electrode structure analysis and surface characterization for lithium-ion cells simulated low-Earth-orbit satellite operation. II Electrode surface characterization , 2007 .

[22]  Lars Greve,et al.  Mechanical testing and macro-mechanical finite element simulation of the deformation, fracture, and short circuit initiation of cylindrical Lithium ion battery cells , 2012 .

[23]  Ilias Belharouak,et al.  High-energy cathode material for long-life and safe lithium batteries. , 2009, Nature materials.

[24]  Mikael Höök,et al.  Lithium availability and future production outlooks , 2013 .

[25]  Craig B. Arnold,et al.  State of health and charge measurements in lithium-ion batteries using mechanical stress , 2014 .

[26]  Qingsong Wang,et al.  Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery , 2012 .

[27]  Hitoshi Naito,et al.  Electrode structure analysis and surface characterization for lithium-ion cells simulated low-Earth-orbit satellite operation I. Electrochemical behavior and structure analysis , 2007 .

[28]  Candace K. Chan,et al.  High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires. , 2008, Nature nanotechnology.

[29]  C. Delmas,et al.  Electron Transfer Mechanisms upon Lithium Deintercalation from LiCoO2 to CoO2 Investigated by XPS , 2008 .

[30]  Yi Cui,et al.  Mechanical behavior of electrochemically lithiated silicon , 2015 .

[31]  T. Wierzbicki,et al.  Calibration and finite element simulation of pouch lithium-ion batteries for mechanical integrity , 2012 .

[32]  M. Armand,et al.  Building better batteries , 2008, Nature.

[33]  Pradeep R. Guduru,et al.  In situ measurement of biaxial modulus of Si anode for Li-ion batteries , 2010 .

[34]  Xinyi Wang,et al.  Computational model of 18650 lithium-ion battery with coupled strain rate and SOC dependencies , 2016 .

[35]  Byoungwoo Kang,et al.  Battery materials for ultrafast charging and discharging , 2009, Nature.

[36]  T. Wierzbicki,et al.  Characterizing and modeling mechanical properties and onset of short circuit for three types of lithium-ion pouch cells , 2014 .

[37]  Jun Xu,et al.  Dynamic mechanical integrity of cylindrical lithium-ion battery cell upon crushing , 2015 .

[38]  J. Goodenough.  Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries , 2010 .

[39]  B. Scrosati,et al.  Lithium batteries: Status, prospects and future , 2010 .

[40]  Ralph E. White,et al.  Mathematical modeling of a lithium ion battery with thermal effects in COMSOL Inc. Multiphysics (MP) , 2011 .

[41]  W. Lai,et al.  Computational models for simulations of lithium-ion battery cells under constrained compression tests , 2013 .

[42]  Ganesan Nagasubramanian,et al.  Corrosion of Lithium‐Ion Battery Current Collectors , 1999 .

[43]  J. Liang,et al.  Functional Materials for Rechargeable Batteries , 2011, Advanced materials.

[44]  N. Parab,et al.  State-of-Charge and Deformation-Rate Dependent Mechanical Behavior of Electrochemical Cells , 2018 .

[45]  Song-Yul Choe,et al.  Modeling, validation and analysis of mechanical stress generation and dimension changes of a pouch type high power Li-ion battery , 2013 .

[46]  Ting Zhu,et al.  Stress generation during lithiation of high-capacity electrode particles in lithium ion batteries , 2013 .

[47]  B. Bhushan,et al.  Nanomechanical characterization and mechanical integrity of unaged and aged Li-ion battery cathodes , 2014 .

[48]  Valérie Sauvant-Moynot,et al.  Development of an empirical aging model for Li-ion batteries and application to assess the impact of Vehicle-to-Grid strategies on battery lifetime , 2016 .

[49]  W. Shyy,et al.  Numerical Simulation of Intercalation-Induced Stress in Li-Ion Battery Electrode Particles , 2007 .

[50]  Tao Sun,et al.  Unveiling the Roles of Binder in the Mechanical Integrity of Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries , 2013 .

[51]  Z. Suo,et al.  Kinetics of initial lithiation of crystalline silicon electrodes of lithium-ion batteries. , 2012, Nano letters.

[52]  W. Lai,et al.  Mechanical behavior of representative volume elements of lithium-ion battery cells under compressive loading conditions , 2014 .

[53]  Jeom-Soo Kim,et al.  Capacity fading mechanism of LiFePO4-based lithium secondary batteries for stationary energy storage , 2013 .