EFFECTS OF BLOOD SAMPLING IN GREAT TITS

Because of legal requirements in different countries as well as moral and ethical considerations, the effects of behavioral studies on animal welfare should be quantified. In this study, the effects of blood sampling on juvenile and adult Great Tits (Poecile major) were examined. Direct injuries were looked for as a possible short-term effect. We also quantified survival until fledging of nestlings that were bled versus those that were not bled as a possible medium-term effect, and survival until the next breeding season as well as the reproductive success in the year following the treatment were investigated as possible long-term effects. We found no effects of blood sampling in each of these instances.

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