Phytoplankton Kinetics in the Chesapeake Bay Eutrophication Model

The CE-Qual-ICM model computes phytoplankton biomass and production as a function of temperature, light, and nutrients. Biomass is computed as carbon while inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica are considered as nutrients. Model formulations for production, metabolism, predation, nutrient limitation, and light limitation are detailed. Methods of parameter determination and parameter values are presented. Results of model application to a ten-year period in Chesapeake Bay indicate the model provides reasonable representations of observed biomass, nutrient concentrations, and limiting factors. Computed primary production agrees with observed under light-limited conditions. Under strongly nutrient-limited conditions, computed product is less than observed. The production characteristics of the model are similar to behavior reported for several similar models. Process omitted from the model that may account for production shortfalls include variable algal stoichiometry, use of urea as nutrient, and vertical migration by phytoplankton.

[1]  M. Lomas,et al.  Temperature regulation of nitrate uptake: A novel hypothesis about nitrate uptake and reduction in cool‐water diatoms , 1999 .

[2]  J. Garber.  Laboratory study of nitrogen and phosphorus remineralization during the decomposition of coastal plankton and seston , 1984 .

[3]  James E. Cloern,et al.  An empirical model of the phytoplankton chlorophyll : carbon ratio‐the conversion factor between productivity and growth rate , 1995 .

[4]  C. Davis,et al.  Continuous culture of marine diatoms under silicon limitation. 3. A model of Si-limited diatom growth 1 , 1978 .

[5]  Trevor Platt,et al.  Mathematical formulation of the relationship between photosynthesis and light for phytoplankton , 1976 .

[6]  W. Kemp,et al.  Nutrient regeneration and oxygen consumption by sediments along an estuarine salinity gradient , 1985 .

[7]  Timothy R. Parsons,et al.  Biological Oceanographic Processes , 1973 .

[8]  Carl F. Cerco,et al.  Three‐Dimensional Eutrophication Model of Chesapeake Bay , 1993 .

[9]  Edward M. Buchak,et al.  CE-QUAL-W2: A Two-Dimensional, Laterally Averaged, Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model, Version 2.0. User Manual. , 1995 .

[10]  S. Heaney,et al.  Light, temperature and nitrogen as interacting factors affecting diel vertical migrations of dinoflagellates in culture , 1981 .

[11]  C. Morales.  Carbon and nitrogen content of copepod faecal pellets: effect of food concentration and feeding behavior , 1987 .

[12]  J. K. Moore,et al.  Size-ascent rate relationships in positively buoyant marine diatoms , 1996 .

[13]  J. Cullen,et al.  Changes in buoyancy and chemical composition during growth of a coastal marine diatom: ecological and biogeochemical consequences , 1995 .

[14]  E. Laws,et al.  Appropriate use of regression analysis in marine biology , 1981 .

[15]  F. A. Richards,et al.  The influence of organisms on the composition of sea-water , 1963 .

[16]  J. Strickland,et al.  SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE VERTICAL MIGRATION OFDINOFLAGELLATES 1 2 , 1968, Journal of phycology.

[17]  T. Malone,et al.  Influences of river flow on the dynamics of phytoplankton production in a partially stratified estuary , 1988 .

[18]  Perry L. McCarty,et al.  Anaerobic decomposition of algae , 1970 .

[19]  W. M. Kemp,et al.  Organic carbon balance and net ecosystem metabolism in Chesapeake Bay , 1997 .

[20]  P. Harrison,et al.  Sinking rate response to depletion of nitrate, phosphate and silicate in four marine diatoms , 1982 .

[21]  E. Odum.  Fundamentals of ecology , 1972 .

[22]  Akira Otsuki,et al.  Production of Dissolved Organic Matter from Dead Green Algal Cells. I. Aerobic Microbial Decomposition , 1972 .

[23]  D. Conley,et al.  Scales of nutrient-limited phytoplankton productivity in Chesapeake Bay , 1996 .

[24]  G. E. Hutchinson,et al.  A treatise on limnology. , 1957 .

[25]  D. Conley,et al.  Dynamics of the 1990 winter/spring bloom in Chesapeake Bay , 1995 .

[26]  J. Schubel,et al.  Turbidity Maximum of the Northern Chesapeake Bay , 1968, Science.

[27]  C. W. Keefe.  The contribution of inorganic compounds to the particulate carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in suspended matter and surface sediments of Chesapeake Bay , 1994 .

[28]  H. L. Butler,et al.  Validation of Three‐Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model of Chesapeake Bay , 1993 .

[29]  James J. McCarthy,et al.  HALF‐SATURATION CONSTANTS FOR UPTAKE OF NITRATE AND AMMONIUM BY MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON1 , 1969 .

[30]  C. Cerco.  Response of Chesapeake Bay to Nutrient Load Reductions , 1995 .

[31]  J. McCarthy,et al.  Ammonium uptake and incorporation by Chesapeake Bay phytoplankton: Short term uptake kinetics1 , 1982 .

[32]  Carolyn A. Miller,et al.  The impact of trophic interactions on rates of nitrogen regeneration and grazing in Chesapeake Bay , 1995 .

[33]  Donald J. O'Connor,et al.  A Dynamic Model of the Phytoplankton Population in the Sacramento—San Joaquin Delta , 1971 .

[34]  David M. Glover,et al.  A new coupled, one-dimensional biological-physical model for the upper ocean: Applications to the JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site , 1996 .

[35]  U. Riebesell.  Comparison of sinking and sedimentation rate measurements in a diatom winter/spring bloom , 1989 .

[36]  C. Cerco,et al.  Tributary Refinements to Chesapeake Bay Model , 2000 .

[37]  R. Pett.  Kinetics of microbial mineralization of organic carbon from detrital Skeletonema costatum cells , 1989 .

[38]  P. Thompson,et al.  Does energy control the sinking rates of marine diatoms , 1992 .

[39]  H. Ducklow,et al.  A nitrogen-based model of plankton dynamics in the oceanic mixed layer , 1990 .

[40]  B. Riemann,et al.  The carbon and chlorophyll content of phytoplankton from various nutrient regimes , 1989 .

[41]  James J. Fitzpatrick,et al.  Chesapeake Bay Sediment Flux Model , 1993 .

[42]  R. Peters,et al.  Empirical models of phosphorus and nitrogen excretion rates by zooplankton , 1994 .

[43]  Lawrence W. Harding,et al.  Phytoplankton production in two east coast estuaries: Photosynthesis-light functions and patterns of carbon assimilation in Chesapeake and Delaware Bays , 1986 .

[44]  Tim A. Wool,et al.  WASP4, a hydrodynamic and water-quality model - model theory, user's manual, and programmer's guide , 1988 .

[45]  Carl F. Cerco,et al.  Simulation of long-term trends in Chesapeake Bay eutrophication , 1995 .

[46]  R. Berner,et al.  The role of sedimentary organic matter in bacterial sulfate reduction: The G model tested1 , 1984 .

[47]  J. McCarthy,et al.  Uptake and release of phosphorus by phytoplankton in the Chesapeake Bay estuary, USA , 1975 .

[48]  Q. Dortch,et al.  The interaction between ammonium and nitrate uptake in phytoplankton , 1990 .

[49]  Akira Otsuki,et al.  PRODUCTION OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER FROM DEAD GREEN ALGAL CELLS. I. AEROBIC MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION: AEROBIC PRODUCTION OF DOM , 1972 .

[50]  E. Laws,et al.  A microalgal growth model , 1990 .

[51]  Allan R. Robinson,et al.  Coupled physical and biological modeling of the spring bloom in the North Atlantic (I): model formulation and one dimensional bloom processes , 1995 .

[52]  James J. Fitzpatrick,et al.  Calibration and Verification of the Potomac Eutrophication Model , 1983 .

[53]  H. Marshall,et al.  Seasonal patterns of growth and composition of phytoplankton in the lower Chesapeake Bay and vicinity , 1986 .

[54]  W. Ricker.  Linear Regressions in Fishery Research , 1973 .

[55]  B. P. Leonard,et al.  A stable and accurate convective modelling procedure based on quadratic upstream interpolation , 1990 .

[56]  R. Peters,et al.  The allometry of algal respiration , 1995 .

[57]  J. Monod.  The Growth of Bacterial Cultures , 1949 .