Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary

[1]  R. Devereux,et al.  Inheritance of mitral valve prolapse: effect of age and sex on gene expression. , 1982, Annals of internal medicine.

[2]  N. Smedira,et al.  Reduced survival in women after valve surgery for aortic regurgitation: effect of aortic enlargement and late aortic rupture. , 2000, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[3]  O. Varenne,et al.  Surgical treatment of infective endocarditis. , 1995, European heart journal.

[4]  A Mügge,et al.  Echocardiography in infective endocarditis: reassessment of prognostic implications of vegetation size determined by the transthoracic and the transesophageal approach. , 1989, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[5]  L. Wilkins.  Multicenter experience with balloon mitral commissurotomy. NHLBI Balloon Valvuloplasty Registry Report on immediate and 30-day follow-up results. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Balloon Valvuloplasty Registry Participants. , 1992, Circulation.

[6]  A. Vahanian,et al.  Echocardiography and indications for surgery. , 1995, European heart journal.

[7]  J. Thyberg,et al.  Presence of oxidized low density lipoprotein in nonrheumatic stenotic aortic valves. , 1999, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[8]  J. Shaver,et al.  A critical appraisal of diastolic time intervals as a measure of relaxation in left ventricular hypertrophy. , 1983, Circulation.

[9]  S. Nakatani,et al.  Value and Limitations of Doppler Echocardiography in the Quantification of Stenotic Mitral Valve Area: Comparison of the Pressure Half-time and the Continuity Equation Methods , 1988, Circulation.

[10]  V. Fuster,et al.  Guide to anticoagulant therapy. Part 2: Oral anticoagulants. American Heart Association. , 1994, Circulation.

[11]  C. McKay,et al.  Mechanisms of increase in mitral valve area and influence of anatomic features in double-balloon, catheter balloon valvuloplasty in adults with rheumatic mitral stenosis: a Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiographic study. , 1987, Circulation.

[12]  P. Hildebrandt,et al.  Effect of ramipril on mitral regurgitation secondary to mitral valve prolapse. , 1997, The American journal of cardiology.

[13]  C. Cobbs,et al.  Prosthetic valve endocarditis. , 1984, Circulation.

[14]  M. Zembala,et al.  Inhaled corticosteroid improves bronchial reactivity and decreases symptoms in patients with mitral stenosis. , 1998, Chest.

[15]  J. S. Weinstein,et al.  Balloon aortic valvuloplasty in 170 consecutive patients. , 1988, The New England journal of medicine.

[16]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Influence of mitral valve morphology on double-balloon catheter balloon valvuloplasty in patients with mitral stenosis. Analysis of factors predicting immediate and 3-month results. , 1989, Circulation.

[17]  S. King,et al.  Angiopeptin Inhibits Intimal Hyperplasia After Angioplast in Porcine Coronary Arteries , 1993, Circulation.

[18]  A. Tajik,et al.  Severe aortic stenosis with low transvalvular gradient and severe left ventricular dysfunction:result of aortic valve replacement in 52 patients. , 2000, Circulation.

[19]  W. Edwards,et al.  Surgical pathology of pure aortic insufficiency: a study of 225 cases. , 1984, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[20]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Valve replacement should not be performed in all asymptomatic patients with severe aortic incompetence. , 1980, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[21]  B. Massie,et al.  Chronic aortic insufficiency: factors associated with progression to aortic valve replacement. , 1989, Annals of internal medicine.

[22]  S M Nazarian,et al.  Warfarin in the prevention of stroke associated with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. Veterans Affairs Stroke Prevention in Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. , 1992, The New England journal of medicine.

[23]  C. Ward,et al.  Extreme pulmonary hypertension caused by mitral valve disease. Natural history and results of surgery. , 1975, British heart journal.

[24]  Y. Adler,et al.  Thrombolysis is an effective and safe therapy in stuck bileaflet mitral valves in the absence of high-risk thrombi. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[25]  A. Selzer,et al.  Patterns of Progression of Aortic Stenosis: A Longitudinal Hemodynamic Study , 1982, Circulation.

[26]  S. Krishnaswami,et al.  Closed mitral valvotomy: early results and long-term follow-up of 3724 consecutive patients. , 1983, Circulation.

[27]  B. Wranne,et al.  Severe aortic stenosis in elderly patients. , 1986, British heart journal.

[28]  A. Feinstein,et al.  A controlled evaluation of the risk of bacterial endocarditis in persons with mitral-valve prolapse. , 1982, The New England journal of medicine.

[29]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Outcome of valve repair and the Cox maze procedure for mitral regurgitation and associated atrial fibrillation. , 1999, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[30]  Chi Kong Liu,et al.  Systemic and Pulmonary Emboli before and after Mitral Commissurotomy , 1961, Circulation.

[31]  J. Anderson,et al.  Quantification of aortic regurgitation utilizing continuous wave Doppler ultrasound. , 1986, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[32]  T. W. Mattingly,et al.  Systemic arterial embolism in rheumatic heart disease. , 1951, American heart journal.

[33]  I. Palacios,et al.  Mitral balloon valvuloplasty for mitral restenosis after surgical commissurotomy. , 1988, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[34]  M. Schlepper,et al.  Impaired Left Ventricular Function in Chronic Aortic Valve Disease: Survival and Function After Replacement by Bjork-Shiley Prosthesis , 1979, Circulation.

[35]  M. Marcus,et al.  Decreased coronary reserve: a mechanism for angina pectoris in patients with aortic stenosis and normal coronary arteries. , 1982, The New England journal of medicine.

[36]  Michael V. Green,et al.  The natural history of asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function. , 1983, Circulation.

[37]  J. Kisslo,et al.  Intraoperative Transesophageal Doppler Color Flow Imaging Used to Guide Patient Selection and Operative Treatment of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation , 1991, Circulation.

[38]  H. Schaff,et al.  Cox-Maze procedure for atrial fibrillation , 2000 .

[39]  G. Vlahakes,et al.  Mitral valve reconstruction versus replacement for degenerative or ischemic mitral regurgitation. , 1994, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[40]  J. Wynne,et al.  Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty compared with open surgical commissurotomy for mitral stenosis. , 1994, The New England journal of medicine.

[41]  S. Armstrong,et al.  Aortic valve sparing operations: an update. , 1999, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[42]  E. Braunwald,et al.  Studies on digitalis. XVII. Effects of ouabain on the hemodynamic response to exercise in patients with mitral stenosis in normal sinus rhythm. , 1968, The New England journal of medicine.

[43]  S. Rahimtoola.  Catheter balloon valvuloplasty for severe calcific aortic stenosis: a limited role. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[44]  B. Massie,et al.  Long-term vasodilator therapy of chronic aortic insufficiency. A randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. , 1988, Circulation.

[45]  P. Wood.  An appreciation of mitral stenosis , 1972 .

[46]  R. Miller,et al.  Afterload reduction therapy with nitroprusside in severe aortic regurgitation: improved cardiac performance and reduced regurgitant volume. , 1976, The American journal of cardiology.

[47]  B. Hutton,et al.  Evaluation of relationship between myocardial contractile state and left ventricular function in patients with aortic regurgitation. , 1985, Circulation.

[48]  R. Hall,et al.  Role of balloon dilatation of the aortic valve in pregnant patients with severe aortic stenosis. , 1993, British heart journal.

[49]  R. O'rourke,et al.  Haemodynamic explanation of why the murmur of mitral regurgitation in independent of cycle length. , 1973, British heart journal.

[50]  克也 平山,et al.  A prospective randomized trial , 1995 .

[51]  W. Edwards,et al.  Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[52]  M. A. Chizner,et al.  The natural history of aortic stenosis in adults. , 1980, American heart journal.

[53]  G. Barletta,et al.  Cerebral ischemic attacks as a complication of aortic and mitral valve prolapse. , 1985, Stroke.

[54]  H. Carp,et al.  Pregnancy complicated by aortic dissection: caesarean delivery during extradural anaesthesia. , 1995, British journal of anaesthesia.

[55]  M. Hashizume,et al.  Recurrence rate of oesophageal varices with endoscopic banding ligation followed by injection sclerotherapy , 1994, The Lancet.

[56]  V. Maranhao,et al.  Sequential study of left ventricular function in aortic valvular stenosis. , 1982, Catheterization and cardiovascular diagnosis.

[57]  L. Wilkins.  Complications and Mortalit of Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Commissurotomy: A Report From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Balloon Valvuloplasty Registry , 1992, Circulation.

[58]  W. Grossman,et al.  Determinants of Ventricular Function in Pressure-Overload Hypertrophy in Man , 1979, Circulation.

[59]  Robertag . Williams,et al.  25th Bethesda Conference: Future Personnel Needs for Cardiovascular Health Care. November 15-16, 1993. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[60]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Echocardiographic Prediction of Survival After Surgical Correction of Organic Mitral Regurgitation , 1994, Circulation.

[61]  J. Isner,et al.  Inoue balloon mitral valvotomy in patients with severe valvular and subvalvular deformity. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[62]  R. Devereux,et al.  Natural history of mitral valve prolapse. , 1995, The American journal of cardiology.

[63]  J. Ross,et al.  Temporal Response of Left Ventricular Performance to Mitral Valve Surgery , 1979, Circulation.

[64]  S. Sasayama,et al.  Adaptations of the Left Ventricle to Chronic Pressure Overload , 1976, Circulation research.

[65]  C. Higgins,et al.  Noninvasive evaluation of global left ventricular function with use of cine nuclear magnetic resonance. , 1989, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[66]  R M Lang,et al.  Sex‐Associated Differences in Left Ventricular Function in Aortic Stenosis of the Elderly , 1992, Circulation.

[67]  M. Carrier,et al.  Influence of age on late results of valve replacement with porcine bioprostheses. , 1992, The Journal of cardiovascular surgery.

[68]  T. David,et al.  The importance of the mitral apparatus in left ventricular function after correction of mitral regurgitation. , 1983, Circulation.

[69]  C. McKay,et al.  Cardiovascular response to dynamic exercise in patients with chronic symptomatic mild-to-moderate and severe aortic regurgitation. , 1986, Circulation.

[70]  D. Te.  The surgical treatment of patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis. , 1995 .

[71]  J. Ross,et al.  Serial noninvasive assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy and function after surgical correction of aortic regurgitation. , 1979, The American journal of cardiology.

[72]  A. Evangelista,et al.  Clinical outcome of severe asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation: a long-term prospective follow-up study. , 1995, American heart journal.

[73]  R. Scognamiglio,et al.  Progression of myocardial dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic insufficiency , 1986, Clinical cardiology.

[74]  H. Schaff,et al.  Chronic aortic regurgitation: indications for operation--1988. , 1988, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[75]  M. Spagnuolo,et al.  Natural History of Rheumatic Aortic Regurgitation: Criteria Predictive of Death, Congestive Heart Failure, and Angina in Young Patients , 1971, Circulation.

[76]  A. Tajik,et al.  Echocardiographically documented mitral-valve prolapse. Long-term follow-up of 237 patients. , 1985, The New England journal of medicine.

[77]  E. Epstein,et al.  Systemic embolism in mitral valve disease. , 1970, British heart journal.

[78]  Randolph P. Martin,et al.  Improvement in the diagnosis of abscesses associated with endocarditis by transesophageal echocardiography. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[79]  T. Cheng,et al.  Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonic stenosis in adolescents and adults. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[80]  D. Ballantyne,et al.  Systolic murmurs in pregnancy: Value of echocardiographic assessment , 1985, Clinical cardiology.

[81]  S. del Ponte,et al.  Risk Factors of Primary Tissue Failure Within the 11 th Postoperative Year in 217 Patients with Porcine Bioprostheses , 1991, Journal of cardiac surgery.

[82]  J. Seward,et al.  Progression of aortic stenosis in adults: new appraisal using Doppler echocardiography. , 1990, American heart journal.

[83]  R. Karp,et al.  Treatment of Infective Endocarditis: A 10-Year Comparative Analysis , 1978, Circulation.

[84]  V. Fuster,et al.  High risk of thromboemboli early after bioprosthetic cardiac valve replacement. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[85]  B. Massie,et al.  Left ventricular response to submaximal and maximal exercise in asymptomatic aortic regurgitation. , 1988, The American journal of cardiology.

[86]  D. Kang,et al.  Long-term clinical and echocardiographic outcome of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty: randomized comparison of Inoue and double-balloon techniques. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[87]  F. Herreman,et al.  Pre- and postoperative hemodynamic and cineangiocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in patients with aortic regurgitation. , 1979, American heart journal.

[88]  N. Smedira,et al.  Reoperation for failure of mitral valve repair. , 1997, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[89]  A. Schömig,et al.  Effects of 12 months quinapril therapy in asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. , 1994, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[90]  T. Meade,et al.  Thrombosis prevention trial: randomised trial of low-intensity oral anticoagulation with warfarin and low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease in men at increased risk , 1998, The Lancet.

[91]  D. Harken,et al.  Fifteen‐to Twenty‐Year Study of One Thousand Patients Undergoing Closed Mitral Valvuloplasty , 1973, Circulation.

[92]  J. Carroll,et al.  Chronic aortic regurgitation: prognostic value of left ventricular end-systolic dimension and end-diastolic radius/thickness ratio. , 1983, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[93]  W. Aronow,et al.  Stress myocardial imaging in patients with mitral valve prolapse: evidence of a perfusion abnormality. , 1982, Catheterization and cardiovascular diagnosis.

[94]  J. Spann,et al.  Differences in myocardial performance and load between patients with similar amounts of chronic aortic versus chronic mitral regurgitation. , 1984, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[95]  H. K. Kim,et al.  Partial annular plication for atrioventricular valve regurgitation. , 1995, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[96]  R A Levine,et al.  Significant tricuspid regurgitation is a marker for adverse outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[97]  A. Bove,et al.  Ventricular Performance, Pump Function and Compensatory Mechanisms in Patients with Aortic Stenosis , 1980, Circulation.

[98]  A. Bisno.  Group A streptococcal infections and acute rheumatic fever. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[99]  Randolph P. Martin,et al.  Prosthetic valve endocarditis. Comparison of heterograft tissue valves and mechanical valves. , 1978, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[100]  V. Fritz,et al.  Thrombosed Björk‐Shiley Mitral Prostheses , 1980, Circulation.

[101]  O. Hess,et al.  Diastolic stiffness and myocardial structure in aortic valve disease before and after valve replacement. , 1984, Circulation.

[102]  S. Shulman,et al.  Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the American Heart Association. , 1995, Pediatrics.

[103]  S. Armstrong,et al.  Late results of mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation due to degenerative disease. , 1993, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[104]  A. Cribier,et al.  Hemodynamic and Angiographic Evaluation of Aortic Regurgitation 8 and 27 Months After Aortic Valve Replacement , 1981, Circulation.

[105]  J. Seward,et al.  Dobutamine stress Doppler hemodynamics in patients with aortic stenosis: feasibility, safety, and surgical correlations. , 1998, American heart journal.

[106]  Y. Lokhandwala,et al.  Balloon mitral valvotomy in pregnancy: maternal and fetal outcomes. , 1998, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[107]  T. Sundt,et al.  Fourteen-year experience with homovital homografts for aortic valve replacement. , 1995, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[108]  S. Hoff,et al.  Safety of remote aortic valve replacement after prior coronary artery bypass grafting. , 1996, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[109]  D. Holmes,et al.  Echocardiographic assessment of commissural calcium: a simple predictor of outcome after percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy. , 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[110]  A. Carpentier,et al.  Cardiac valve surgery--the "French correction". , 1983, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[111]  N. Kouchoukos,et al.  Replacement of the aortic root with a pulmonary autograft in children and young adults with aortic-valve disease. , 1994, The New England journal of medicine.

[112]  A. Locker,et al.  Single duct discharge from the nipple , 1989, The British journal of surgery.

[113]  R L Click,et al.  Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography: 5-year prospective review of impact on surgical management. , 2000, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[114]  P. Kligfield,et al.  Complications of mitral valve prolapse. Disproportionate occurrence in men and older patients. , 1986, The American journal of medicine.

[115]  H. Oral,et al.  Echocardiographic markers for mitral valve surgery to preserve left ventricular performance in mitral regurgitation. , 2000, American heart journal.

[116]  N. Smedira,et al.  Does coronary angiography before emergency aortic surgery affect in-hospital mortality? , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[117]  A F Bolger,et al.  Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Recommendations by the American Heart Association. , 1997, Circulation.

[118]  R. Sutton,et al.  Mitral regurgitation in coronary heart disease. , 1977, British heart journal.

[119]  L. Ginzton,et al.  Transesophageal echocardiography in diagnosis of infective endocarditis. , 1994, Chest.

[120]  R. Adolph,et al.  Effects of dynamic and isometric exercise on the radionuclide-determined regurgitant fraction in aortic insufficiency. , 1984, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[121]  C. Otto,et al.  Physical examination in valvular aortic stenosis: correlation with stenosis severity and prediction of clinical outcome. , 1999, American heart journal.

[122]  B. Massie,et al.  Ejection fraction response to supine exercise in asymptomatic aortic regurgitation: relation to simultaneous hemodynamic measurements. , 1985, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[123]  R. Bonow,et al.  Survival and functional results after valve replacement for aortic regurgitation from 1976 to 1983: impact of preoperative left ventricular function. , 1985, Circulation.

[124]  E. Jones,et al.  Treatment of moderate mitral regurgitation and coronary disease by coronary bypass alone. , 1988, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[125]  P. Stevenson,et al.  Preliminary report of the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study. , 1990, The New England journal of medicine.

[126]  D. Tweedle.  INTRAVENOUS FAT , 1976, The Lancet.

[127]  H. Borst,et al.  Repair of acute type A aortic dissection after cesarean section in the thirty-ninth week of pregnancy. , 1994, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[128]  G. Grunkemeier,et al.  Aortic valve replacement with the Starr-Edwards prosthesis: a comparison of the first and second decades of follow-up. , 1988, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[129]  Thl.  THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY FOR PROSTHETIC VALVE THROMBOSIS. , 1993 .

[130]  J. Heikkilä,et al.  Natural history of aortic valve stenosis of varying severity in the elderly. , 1996, The American journal of cardiology.

[131]  L. Cohn,et al.  Rapid noninvasive diagnosis and surgical repair of acute ascending aortic dissection. Improved survival with less angiography. , 1994, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[132]  J. Kisslo,et al.  Two‐dimensional Echocardiographic Assessment of Mitral Stenosis , 1977, Circulation.

[133]  R. Bonow,et al.  Valve replacement for regurgitant lesions of the aortic or mitral valve in advanced left ventricular dysfunction , 1995 .

[134]  D. Horstkotte,et al.  The natural history of aortic valve stenosis. , 1988, European heart journal.

[135]  N. Smedira,et al.  Mitral valve surgery in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. , 2000, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[136]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Preoperative criteria predictive of late survival following valve replacement for severe aortic regurgitation. , 1981, American heart journal.

[137]  C. Otto,et al.  Physiologic changes with maximal exercise in asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis assessed by Doppler echocardiography. , 1992, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[138]  V. Froelicher,et al.  Exercise testing in patients with aortic stenosis. , 1988, Chest.

[139]  R. Juchems,et al.  [On auscultation of the heart. I]. , 1962, Medizinische Klinik.

[140]  I. Palacios,et al.  Percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy for recurrent mitral stenosis after surgical commissurotomy. , 1995, American Journal of Cardiology.

[141]  K. Bailey,et al.  Long-term follow-up of patients undergoing closed transventricular mitral commissurotomy: a useful surrogate for percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty? , 1992, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[142]  J. Mcnamara,et al.  Acute thrombotic obstruction with Björk-Shiley valves: diagnostic and surgical considerations. , 1978, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[143]  T. Wisenbaugh,et al.  Comparison of single-dose nifedipine and captopril for chronic severe aortic regurgitation. , 1993, The American journal of cardiology.

[144]  M. Worsham,et al.  Cardiac valvulopathy associated with exposure to fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services interim public health recommendations, November 1997. , 1997, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[145]  M. Crawford,et al.  Valvular heart disease. , 1989 .

[146]  B. Maisch,et al.  Mitral, aortic and tricuspid valvular heart disease associated with ergotamine therapy for migraine. , 1997, European heart journal.

[147]  N. Dean,et al.  Noninvasive Evaluation of Pulmonary Artery Pressure During Exercise by Saline-Enhanced Doppler Echocardiography in Chronic Pulmonary Disease , 1989, Circulation.

[148]  N G Smedira,et al.  Long-term results of the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial aortic valve: a 12-year follow-up. , 1998, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[149]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Optimizing timing of surgical correction in patients with severe aortic regurgitation: role of symptoms. , 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[150]  T. Katsuki,et al.  Delayed improvement in skeletal muscle metabolism and exercise capacity in patients with mitral stenosis following immediate hemodynamic amelioration by percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy. , 1996, The American journal of cardiology.

[151]  J. Bavaria,et al.  Bicuspid aortic valves are associated with aortic dilatation out of proportion to coexistent valvular lesions. , 2000, Circulation.

[152]  B. Hutton,et al.  Noninvasive assessment of acute effects of nifedipine on rest and exercise hemodynamics and cardiac function in patients with aortic regurgitation. , 1984, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[153]  G. Berg,et al.  Randomized controlled trial of stented and stentless aortic bioprotheses: hemodynamic performance at 3 years. , 1999, Seminars in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[154]  A. Rocchini,et al.  Balloon aortic valvuloplasty: results of the Valvuloplasty and Angioplasty of Congenital Anomalies Registry. , 1990, The American journal of cardiology.

[155]  M. Marcus,et al.  Effects of Chronic Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on the Incidence of Sudden Cardiac Death After Coronary Artery Occlusion in Conscious Dogs , 1982, Circulation.

[156]  H. Schaff,et al.  Results of allograft aortic valve replacement for complex endocarditis. , 1997, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[157]  C. Armstrong,et al.  Tricuspid valve replacement. Fifteen years of experience with mechanical prostheses and bioprostheses. , 1995, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[158]  M. Bertrand,et al.  Coronary sinus blood flow at rest and during isometric exercise in patients with aortic valve disease. Mechanism of angina pectoris in presence of normal coronary arteries. , 1981, The American journal of cardiology.

[159]  J. F. Keane,et al.  Severe congenital mitral stenosis in infants. , 1994, Circulation.

[160]  G. Ewy,et al.  The Effect of Pregnancy on the Murmurs of Mitral and Aortic Regurgitation , 1970, Circulation.

[161]  K. Bailey,et al.  The natural history of adults with asymptomatic, hemodynamically significant aortic stenosis. , 1990, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[162]  O. Hess,et al.  The relationship of afterload to ejection performance in chronic mitral regurgitation. , 1987, Circulation.

[163]  Catherine M. Otto,et al.  Clinical Factors Associated With Calcific Aortic Valve Disease , 1997 .

[164]  V. Fowler,et al.  Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. , 2000, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[165]  A. Weyman,et al.  Identification of high-risk and low-risk subgroups of patients with mitral-valve prolapse. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[166]  V. Fuster.  Hurst's the Heart , 1966 .

[167]  A. Maurer,et al.  Hemodynamic predictors of outcome in patients undergoing valve replacement. , 1986, Circulation.

[168]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Surgery for aortic regurgitation in women. Contrasting indications and outcomes compared with men. , 1996, Circulation.

[169]  A J Tajik,et al.  Progression of mitral regurgitation: a prospective Doppler echocardiographic study. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[170]  B. Massie,et al.  Association between the exercise ejection fraction response and systolic wall stress in patients with chronic aortic insufficiency. , 1985, Circulation.

[171]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Echocardiographic prediction of left ventricular function after correction of mitral regurgitation: results and clinical implications. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[172]  J M Feldman,et al.  Carcinoid heart disease. Correlation of high serotonin levels with valvular abnormalities detected by cardiac catheterization and echocardiography. , 1995, Circulation.

[173]  P E Oyer,et al.  Durability of porcine valves at fifteen years in a representative North American patient population. , 1992, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[174]  D. McGiffin,et al.  Aortic valve infection. Risk factors for death and recurrent endocarditis after aortic valve replacement. , 1992, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[175]  A. Arbulu,et al.  Tricuspid valvulectomy without replacement. Twenty years' experience. , 1991, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[176]  U. Hvass,et al.  Multicenter study of stentless valve replacement in the small aortic root. , 1999, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[177]  J. Ross,et al.  Afterload mismatch and preload reserve: a conceptual framework for the analysis of ventricular function. , 1976, Progress in cardiovascular diseases.

[178]  T. Akiyama,et al.  :A long term follow-up study , 1982 .

[179]  S. Hammami,et al.  Percutaneous balloon versus surgical closed and open mitral commissurotomy: seven-year follow-up results of a randomized trial. , 1998, Circulation.

[180]  M. Lebwohl,et al.  Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and mitral-valve prolapse. , 1982, The New England journal of medicine.

[181]  P. Barbier,et al.  Left ventricular diastolic parameters in 288 normal subjects from 20 to 80 years old. , 1995, European heart journal.

[182]  B. Iung,et al.  The effect of left ventricular systolic function on long term survival in mitral and aortic regurgitation. , 1995, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[183]  J. Odell,et al.  Aortic valve replacement after previous coronary artery bypass grafting. , 1996, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[184]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Nifedipine in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function. , 1994, The New England journal of medicine.

[185]  K. Yun,et al.  Aortic valve replacement with the freestyle stentless bioprosthesis: five-year experience. , 1999, Circulation.

[186]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Identification of the increased frequency of cardiovascular abnormalities associated with mitral valve prolapse by two-dimensional echocardiography. , 1984, The American journal of cardiology.

[187]  A. Berrebi,et al.  Homograft replacement of the mitral valve. Graft selection, technique of implantation, and results in forty-three patients. , 1996, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[188]  U. Deligonul,et al.  Contribution of mitral valve reserve capacity to sustained symptomatic improvement after balloon valvutomy in mitral stenosis: Implications for restenosis for restenosis , 1993 .

[189]  A. Bisno,et al.  Antibiotic treatment of adults with infective endocarditis due to streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and HACEK microorganisms. American Heart Association. , 1995, JAMA.

[190]  J. T. ten Cate,et al.  Enhanced thrombin generation in normal and hypertensive pregnancy. , 1989, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[191]  O. Mutchinick,et al.  Failure of adjusted doses of subcutaneous heparin to prevent thromboembolic phenomena in pregnant patients with mechanical cardiac valve prostheses. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[192]  M. Winniford,et al.  Limitations of qualitative angiographic grading in aortic or mitral regurgitation. , 1984, The American journal of cardiology.

[193]  V. Fuster,et al.  Mitral valvuloplasty is superior to valve replacement for preservation of left ventricular function: An intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiography study , 1987 .

[194]  C. Nienaber,et al.  The diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection by noninvasive imaging procedures. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[195]  U. Elkayam,et al.  Cardiovascular Problems in Pregnant Women with the Marfan Syndrome , 1995, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[196]  R. C. Eggleton,et al.  Determination of mitral valve area by cross-sectional echocardiography. , 1978, Annals of internal medicine.

[197]  D Raoult,et al.  Value and limitations of the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[198]  M. Josephson,et al.  Mitral Valve Prolapse , 1976, Circulation.

[199]  P. Ribeiro,et al.  Balloon valvotomy for pregnant patients with severe pliable mitral stenosis using the Inoue technique with total abdominal and pelvic shielding. , 1992, American heart journal.

[200]  G F Tyers,et al.  The Carpentier-Edwards standard porcine bioprosthesis. A first-generation tissue valve with excellent long-term clinical performance. , 1990, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[201]  U. Kaul,et al.  Closed mitral valvotomy during pregnancy. A 20-year experience. , 1988, Scandinavian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[202]  J. Isner,et al.  Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty: current status , 1989, Current Opinion in Cardiology.

[203]  I. Palacios,et al.  Inaccuracy of mitral pressure half-time immediately after percutaneous mitral valvotomy. Dependence on transmitral gradient and left atrial and ventricular compliance. , 1988, Circulation.

[204]  E. Chávez,et al.  Immediate results of the Inoue mitral valvotomy in patients with previous surgical mitral commissurotomy. Preliminary report. , 1998, Archives of medical research.

[205]  J. Seward,et al.  Age-related prevalence of valvular regurgitation in normal subjects: a comprehensive color flow examination of 118 volunteers. , 1990, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[206]  T. Lüscher,et al.  Progression of aortic stenosis. Role of age and concomitant coronary artery disease. , 1993, Chest.

[207]  H. Barnett,et al.  Further evidence relating mitral-valve prolapse to cerebral ischemic events. , 1980, The New England journal of medicine.

[208]  M. Rijlaarsdam,et al.  The Adult Patient with Ebstein Anomaly: Outcome in 72 Unoperated Patients , 2000, Medicine.

[209]  R. O'rourke,et al.  Bedside diagnosis of systolic murmurs. , 1988, The New England journal of medicine.

[210]  U. Kaul,et al.  Long-term results after balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in adults. , 1993, American heart journal.

[211]  E. Topol.  Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine , 1997 .

[212]  J B Seward,et al.  Clinical outcome of mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[213]  R. Bergström,et al.  Long-term follow-up of morbidity and mortality after aortic valve replacement with a mechanical valve prosthesis. , 2000, European heart journal.

[214]  K. Olesen.  THE NATURAL HISTORY OF 271 PATIENTS WITH MITRAL STENOSIS UNDER MEDICAL TREATMENT , 1962, British heart journal.

[215]  R A Levine,et al.  Prevalence and clinical outcome of mitral-valve prolapse. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[216]  P. Barnard,et al.  Intracardiac operation in seven pregnant women. , 1993, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[217]  P. Nihoyannopoulos,et al.  Ebstein's anomaly: presentation and outcome from fetus to adult. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[218]  P. Grayburn,et al.  Prognosis after valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis and a low transvalvular pressure gradient. , 1993, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[219]  W. Gaasch,et al.  Chronic Aortic Regurgitation: The Effect of Aortic Valve Replacement on Left Ventricular Volume, Mass and Function , 1978, Circulation.

[220]  J. Krivokapich,et al.  Reassessment of echocardiographic criteria for diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse. , 1988, The American journal of cardiology.

[221]  W. Roberts,et al.  Comparison of age, gender, number of aortic valve cusps, concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting, and magnitude of left ventricular-systemic arterial peak systolic gradient in adults having aortic valve replacement for isolated aortic valve stenosis. , 1997, The American journal of cardiology.

[222]  L. Gillam.  Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. , 2000, Cardiology in review.

[223]  F. R. Rosendaal,et al.  Thromboembolic and Bleeding Complications in Patients With Mechanical Heart Valve Prostheses , 1994, Circulation.

[224]  A. Pavie,et al.  [Reoperation for aortic valve replacement after myocardial revascularization]. , 1996, Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux.

[225]  G. Aurigemma,et al.  Progression of valvular aortic stenosis in adults: literature review and clinical implications. , 1996, American heart journal.

[226]  Richard A. Lange,et al.  Prosthetic heart valves. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[227]  C. Rusconi,et al.  Rate of progression of valvular aortic stenosis in adults. , 1992, The American journal of cardiology.

[228]  D J Wheatley,et al.  Twelve-year comparison of a Bjork-Shiley mechanical heart valve with porcine bioprostheses. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[229]  W. Chow,et al.  Percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy in pregnancy using the Inoue balloon catheter. , 1992, Cardiology.

[230]  S. Milo,et al.  Umbilical artery flow velocity during maternal cardiopulmonary bypass. , 1995, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[231]  D. Mele,et al.  Which physical factors determine tricuspid regurgitation jet area in the clinical setting? , 1993, The American journal of cardiology.

[232]  R. Pai,et al.  New insights into the progression of aortic stenosis: implications for secondary prevention. , 2000, Circulation.

[233]  R. Bonow,et al.  Serial Long‐term Assessment of the Natural History of Asymptomatic Patients With Chronic Aortic Regurgitation and Normal Left Ventricular Systolic Function , 1991, Circulation.

[234]  H. Matsuda,et al.  Preoperative left ventricular function: minimal requirement for successful late results of valve replacement for aortic regurgitation. , 1987, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[235]  R. Lasser,et al.  The Hemodynamics of the Left Side of the Heart as Studied by Simultaneous Left Atrial, Left Ventricular, and Aortic Pressures; Particular Reference to Mitral Stenosis , 1955, Circulation.

[236]  I. Palacios,et al.  Four-year follow-up of patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy. A report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Balloon Valvuloplasty Registry. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[237]  A. Tajik,et al.  Accurate measurement of the transmitral gradient in patients with mitral stenosis: a simultaneous catheterization and Doppler echocardiographic study. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[238]  E. Antman,et al.  ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1997 Exercise Testing Guidelines). , 2002, Circulation.

[239]  M. Cheitlin,et al.  26th Bethesda conference: recommendations for determining eligibility for competition in athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. Task Force 2: acquired valvular heart disease. , 1994, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[240]  E. L. Walker,et al.  Open mitral commissurotomy. A modern re-evaluation. , 1980, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[241]  M. Schemper,et al.  Predictors of outcome in severe, asymptomatic aortic stenosis. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[242]  H. B. Sprague,et al.  The course of mitral stenosis without surgery: ten- and twenty-year perspectives. , 1960, Annals of internal medicine.

[243]  S Simonsen,et al.  Determination of Pressure Gradient in Mitral Stenosis with a Non‐invasive Ultrasound Doppler Technique , 2009 .

[244]  P. Puddu,et al.  QT interval prolongation and increased plasma catecholamine levels in patients with mitral valve prolapse. , 1983, American heart journal.

[245]  R. F. Rushmer.  Initial phase of ventricular systole: asynchronous contraction. , 1955, The American journal of physiology.

[246]  B. Carabello,et al.  Chronic mitral regurgitation: when and how to operate. , 1998, Chest.

[247]  R. Ross.  Right ventricular hypertension as a cause of precordial pain. , 1961, American heart journal.

[248]  R. D. Alley,et al.  The society of thoracic surgeons. , 1976, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[249]  D. Kaye.  Treatment of Infective Endocarditis , 1996, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[250]  D. Ricci,et al.  Afterload Mismatch and Preload Reserve in Chronic Aortic Regurgitation , 1982, Circulation.

[251]  O. Lund.  Preoperative risk evaluation and stratification of long-term survival after valve replacement for aortic stenosis. Reasons for earlier operative intervention. , 1990, Circulation.

[252]  P. Kligfield,et al.  Prediction of indications for valve replacement among asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular performance. , 1998, Circulation.

[253]  J. Lau,et al.  Efficacy and safety of combined anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy versus anticoagulant monotherapy after mechanical heart-valve replacement: a metaanalysis. , 1995, American heart journal.

[254]  F. Spencer,et al.  Long-term results of open radical mitral commissurotomy: ten year follow-up study of 202 patients. , 1981, The American journal of cardiology.

[255]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Valve Replacement in Aortic Insufficiency with Left Ventricular Dysfunction , 1980, Circulation.

[256]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Actuarial outcome after catheter balloon commissurotomy in patients with mitral stenosis. , 1997, Circulation.

[257]  W. Gaasch,et al.  Vasoactive drugs in chronic regurgitant lesions of the mitral and aortic valves. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[258]  H. Barnett,et al.  Cerebral ischemic events associated with prolapsing mitral valve. , 1976, Archives of neurology.

[259]  B. Strauer,et al.  The effect of chordal preservation on late outcome after mitral valve replacement: a randomized study. , 1993, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[260]  N G Smedira,et al.  Durability of mitral valve repair for degenerative disease. , 1998, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[261]  W. Aronow,et al.  Prognosis of patients with heart failure and unoperated severe aortic valvular regurgitation and relation to ejection fraction. , 1994, The American journal of cardiology.

[262]  A. Laupacis,et al.  A comparison of aspirin with placebo in patients treated with warfarin after heart-valve replacement. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[263]  P. Guéret,et al.  Transesophageal Echocardiography for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonobstructive Thrombosis of Mechanical Mitral Valve Prosthesis , 1995, Circulation.

[264]  J. Seward,et al.  Aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Prognostic indicators. , 1997, Circulation.

[265]  V. Re,et al.  Culture-negative endocarditis. , 1982, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[266]  E. Alderman,et al.  Hemodynamic Consequences of Afterload Reduction in Patients with Chronic Aortic Regurgitation , 1976, Circulation.

[267]  R. O'rourke,et al.  Differentiation of cardiac murmurs by dynamic auscultation. , 1988, Current problems in cardiology.

[268]  I. Palacios,et al.  Clinical and hemodynamic follow-up after percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty in the elderly. , 1988, The American journal of cardiology.

[269]  R W Stewart,et al.  The Carpentier-Edwards pericardial aortic valve. Ten-year results. , 1995, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[270]  J. Abrams.  Essentials of Cardiac Physical Diagnosis , 1987 .

[271]  W. F. Greenwood,et al.  The natural history of mitral stenosis. , 1954, Canadian Medical Association journal.

[272]  S. Bolling,et al.  Intermediate-term outcome of mitral reconstruction in cardiomyopathy. , 1998, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[273]  I. Smith,et al.  Infective endocarditis with negative blood cultures. An analysis of 52 cases. , 1979, The American journal of medicine.

[274]  A. Mortara,et al.  β-Blockade therapy in chronic heart failure: Diastolic function and mitral regurgitation improvement by carvedilol , 2000 .

[275]  G. Baumann,et al.  Late results of mitral valve reconstruction in the elderly. , 2000, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[276]  D. Holmes,et al.  Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. , 1990, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[277]  P. Vlad,et al.  Initial evaluation of heart murmurs: Are laboratory tests necessary? , 1990, Pediatrics.

[278]  K. Ueland,et al.  Pregnancy and cardiovascular disease. , 1977, The Medical clinics of North America.

[279]  P. Olley,et al.  Incidence of systemic embolism before and after mitral valvotomy. , 1968, Thorax.

[280]  R. Popp,et al.  The Use of Echocardiography in Diagnosing Culture‐negative Endocarditis , 1981, Circulation.

[281]  A. Cribier,et al.  Results of percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty in 218 adults with valvular aortic stenosis. , 1988, The American journal of cardiology.

[282]  V. Dilsizian,et al.  Systemic and left ventricular responses to exercise stress in asymptomatic patients with valvular aortic stenosis. , 1991, The American journal of cardiology.

[283]  C. Mullany,et al.  Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with previous mediastinal radiation therapy. , 1999, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[284]  J. Murray,et al.  ACC/AHA guidelines for coronary angiography. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on Coronary Angiography). Developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[285]  W. Jamieson,et al.  Age as a determinant for selection of porcine bioprostheses for cardiac valve replacement: experience with Carpentier-Edwards standard bioprosthesis. , 1991, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[286]  W G Henderson,et al.  Outcomes 15 years after valve replacement with a mechanical versus a bioprosthetic valve: final report of the Veterans Affairs randomized trial. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[287]  F. Loop,et al.  Surgical treatment of prosthetic valve endocarditis. , 1996, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[288]  J. Vohra,et al.  Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients with Mitral Valve Prolapse and Mild Mitral Regurgitation , 1993, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[289]  P. E. Perlman,et al.  Endocarditis. Changing trends in epidemiology, clinical and microbiologic spectrum. , 1993, Postgraduate medicine.

[290]  R. Gorlin.  THE MECHANISM OF THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MITRAL VALVE DISEASE , 1954, British heart journal.

[291]  J. Vandenbroucke,et al.  Optimal oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with mechanical heart valves. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[292]  J. Kratz.  Evaluation and management of tricuspid valve disease. , 1991, Cardiology clinics.

[293]  C. Rocchiccioli,et al.  Prosthetic valve endocarditis. The case for prompt surgical management. , 1986, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[294]  J. Seward,et al.  Continuous wave Doppler determination of right ventricular pressure: a simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study in 127 patients. , 1985, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[295]  J. Mcpherson,et al.  Does the additive risk of mitral valve repair in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy prohibit surgical intervention? , 2000, Annals of surgery.

[296]  F. Mori,et al.  Arrhythmias in mitral valve prolapse: relation to anterior mitral leaflet thickening, clinical variables, and color Doppler echocardiographic parameters. , 1994, American heart journal.

[297]  F. Spencer,et al.  Experience with open mitral commissurotomy in 100 consecutive patients. , 1974, Surgery.

[298]  J. Tijssen,et al.  To operate or not on elderly patients with aortic stenosis: the decision and its consequences , 1999, Heart.

[299]  B. McCrindle.  Independent predictors of long-term results after balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. Valvuloplasty and Angioplasty of Congenital Anomalies (VACA) Registry Investigators. , 1994, Circulation.

[300]  Franz Schwarz,et al.  The Effect of Aortic Valve Replacement on Survival , 1982, Circulation.

[301]  F. Crawford,et al.  Predictors of outcome for aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction: a change in the measuring stick. , 1987, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[302]  B. Maciel,et al.  Physiological valvular regurgitation. Doppler echocardiography and the potential for iatrogenic heart disease. , 1988, Circulation.

[303]  B. T. le Roux,et al.  Balloon valvuloplasty versus closed commissurotomy for pliable mitral stenosis: a prospective hemodynamic study. , 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[304]  Jeffrey S. Ginsberg,et al.  Use of antithrombotic agents during pregnancy. , 1992, Chest.

[305]  J. Bermejo,et al.  Effects of dobutamine on Doppler echocardiographic indexes of aortic stenosis. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[306]  S. Wessler,et al.  A Guide to Anticoagulant Therapy , 1961, Circulation.

[307]  W. Roberts,et al.  Dissection of the aorta associated with congenital malformation of the aortic valve. , 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[308]  C. Waternaux,et al.  Prosthetic valve endocarditis. Analysis of factors affecting outcome of therapy. , 1986, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[309]  M. LeWinter,et al.  Effect of enalapril therapy on left ventricular mass and volumes in asymptomatic chronic, severe mitral regurgitation secondary to mitral valve prolapse. , 1998, The American journal of cardiology.

[310]  J. Alcíbar,et al.  Balloon dilation of tricuspid and pulmonary valves in carcinoid heart disease. , 1993, Texas Heart Institute journal.

[311]  J. Pepper,et al.  Valve replacement for aortic stenosis in patients with poor left ventricular function: comparison of early changes with stented and stentless valves. , 1999, Circulation.

[312]  E. Murphy,et al.  Progression of aortic dilatation and the benefit of long-term beta-adrenergic blockade in Marfan's syndrome. , 1994, The New England journal of medicine.

[313]  H. Hultgren,et al.  Progression of aortic stenosis in adult men. Detection by noninvasive methods. , 1987, Chest.

[314]  W. Gaasch,et al.  Left ventricular compliance: mechanisms and clinical implications. , 1976, The American journal of cardiology.

[315]  K. Harada,et al.  Physiologic multivalvular regurgitation during pregnancy: a longitudinal Doppler echocardiographic study. , 1993, International journal of cardiology.

[316]  G. Danielson,et al.  Late results of bioprosthetic tricuspid valve replacement in Ebstein's anomaly. , 1998, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[317]  A. Selzer,et al.  Natural History of Mitral Stenosis: A Review , 1972, Circulation.

[318]  B. Iung,et al.  Ten-year results of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy in a series of 1024 patients , 1998 .

[319]  P. Oettgen,et al.  Transesophageal echocardiographically facilitated early cardioversion from atrial fibrillation using short-term anticoagulation: final results of a prospective 4.5-year study. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[320]  G. Hutchins,et al.  Quantification of regional myocardial perfusion by PET: rationale and first clinical results. , 1995, European heart journal.

[321]  T. Wisenbaugh,et al.  Six month pilot study of captopril for mildly symptomatic, severe isolated mitral and isolated aortic regurgitation. , 1994, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[322]  J. Ross,et al.  Nature of Enhanced Performance of the Dilated Left Ventricle in the Dog during Chronic Volume Overloading , 1972, Circulation research.

[323]  A. J. Dunning,et al.  Long-term follow-up of idiopathic mitral valve prolapse in 300 patients: a prospective study. , 1988, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[324]  M. Akaike,et al.  Improvement in mitral flow dynamics during exercise after percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy. Noninvasive evaluation using continuous wave Doppler technique. , 1990, Circulation.

[325]  H. M. Marvin,et al.  Heart Disease , 1854, Hall's journal of health.

[326]  M. Ikäheimo,et al.  De Vega's annuloplasty for tricuspid regurgitation. , 1996, Annales chirurgiae et gynaecologiae.

[327]  M. Shakudo,et al.  Color Doppler evaluation of valvular regurgitation in normal subjects. , 1988, Circulation.

[328]  Michael V. Green,et al.  Reversal of left ventricular dysfunction after aortic valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation: influence of duration of preoperative left ventricular dysfunction. , 1984, Circulation.

[329]  P. Wood.  An Appreciation of Mitral Stenosis—II* , 1954, British medical journal.

[330]  R. O'rourke,et al.  Diagnosis of left-sided regurgitant murmurs by transient arterial occlusion: a new maneuver using blood pressure cuffs. , 1986, Annals of internal medicine.

[331]  L. Cohn,et al.  Aortic valve endocarditis. Determinants of early survival and late morbidity. , 1994, Circulation.

[332]  C. Yancy,et al.  Usefulness of dobutamine echocardiography in distinguishing severe from nonsevere valvular aortic stenosis in patients with depressed left ventricular function and low transvalvular gradients. , 1995, The American journal of cardiology.

[333]  B. Carabello.  Aortic regurgitation. A lesion with similarities to both aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation. , 1990, Circulation.

[334]  F. Betbout,et al.  Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in eight pregnant women with severe mitral stenosis. , 1992, European heart journal.

[335]  R. Gorlin,et al.  Relation between exercise-induced changes in ejection fraction and systolic loading conditions at rest in aortic regurgitation. , 1984, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[336]  C. Otto,et al.  Hemodynamic progression of aortic stenosis in adults assessed by Doppler echocardiography. , 1989, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[337]  M. Yacoub,et al.  Late results of a valve-preserving operation in patients with aneurysms of the ascending aorta and root. , 1998, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[338]  W Grossman,et al.  Wall stress and patterns of hypertrophy in the human left ventricle. , 1975, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[339]  M. Sermer,et al.  Balloon valvuloplasty for congenital aortic stenosis in pregnancy , 1993, British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[340]  Michael V. Green,et al.  Exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation: assessment with radionuclide cineangiography. , 1978, The American journal of cardiology.

[341]  S. Hagl,et al.  Adjustable tricuspid valve annuloplasty assisted by intraoperative transesophageal color Doppler echocardiography. , 1993, The American journal of cardiology.

[342]  W. Gaasch,et al.  Managing asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. , 1997, Chest.

[343]  P. Stone,et al.  Determinants of prognosis of patients with aortic regurgitation who undergo aortic valve replacement. , 1984, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[344]  R. Peshock,et al.  Early detection of left ventricular dysfunction in chronic aortic regurgitation as assessed by contrast angiography, echocardiography, and rest and exercise scintigraphy. , 1983, The American journal of cardiology.

[345]  S Frank,et al.  Natural history of valvular aortic stenosis. , 1973, British heart journal.

[346]  L. Cohn,et al.  Mitral valve repair in cardiomyopathy. , 1998, Circulation.

[347]  J. Murgo,et al.  Balloon aortic valvuloplasty: the Texas Heart Institute experience. , 1990, Texas Heart Institute journal.

[348]  D. Kaiser,et al.  Comparison of outcome of asymptomatic to symptomatic patients older than 20 years of age with valvular aortic stenosis. , 1988, The American journal of cardiology.

[349]  L. Dexter,et al.  Early reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance after mitral-valve replacement. , 1967, The New England journal of medicine.

[350]  T. Bashore,et al.  Failure of balloon aortic valvuloplasty to result in sustained clinical improvement in patients with depressed left ventricular function. , 1990, The American journal of cardiology.

[351]  J. O’Keefe,et al.  Risk of noncardiac surgical procedures in patients with aortic stenosis. , 1989, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[352]  W. Rand,et al.  Warfarin anticoagulation and survival: a cohort analysis from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction. , 1998, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[353]  B. Lytle,et al.  Intraoperative Doppler Color Flow Mapping for Decision-Making in Valve Repair for Mitral Regurgitation: Techniques and Results in 100 Patients , 1990, Circulation.

[354]  J. Carroll,et al.  Chronic mitral regurgitation: predictive value of preoperative echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular function and wall stress. , 1984, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[355]  H. Schaff,et al.  Cox-Maze procedure for atrial fibrillation: Mayo Clinic experience. , 2000, Seminars in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[356]  J. Wynne,et al.  Percutaneous Balloon Versus Surgical Closed Commissurotomy for Mitral Stenosis: A Prospective, Randomized Trial , 1991, Circulation.

[357]  A. Quyyumi,et al.  Insertion-deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene modulates reversibility of endothelial dysfunction with ACE inhibition. , 2000, Circulation.

[358]  I. Palacios,et al.  Three‐Year Outcome After Balloon Aortic Valvuloplast: Insights Into Prognosis of Valvular Aortic Stenosis , 1994, Circulation.

[359]  J B Seward,et al.  Determinants of the Degree of Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Patients With Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction: A Quantitative Clinical Study , 2000, Circulation.

[360]  J D Carroll,et al.  Percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy and the new demographics of mitral stenosis. , 1993, JAMA.

[361]  Progression of aortic stenosis in 394 patients: relation to changes in myocardial and mitral valve dysfunction. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[362]  R. Scognamiglio,et al.  Long-term nifedipine unloading therapy in asymptomatic patients with chronic severe aortic regurgitation. , 1990, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[363]  J Ross,et al.  Afterload mismatch in aortic and mitral valve disease: implications for surgical therapy. , 1985, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[364]  A. Gown,et al.  Characterization of the Early Lesion of ‘Degenerative’ Valvular Aortic Stenosis: Histological and Immunohistochemical Studies , 1994, Circulation.

[365]  L. Cohn,et al.  The effect of pathophysiology on the surgical treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation: operative and late risks of repair versus replacement. , 1995, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[366]  R. Devereux,et al.  Association of aortic dilation with regurgitant, stenotic and functionally normal bicuspid aortic valves. , 1992, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[367]  H H Sievers,et al.  Opening and closing characteristics of the aortic valve after different types of valve-preserving surgery. , 1999, Circulation.

[368]  A. Chow,et al.  Prosthetic valve endocarditis. Experience with porcine bioprostheses. , 1993, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[369]  T. Feldman,et al.  Hemodynamic results, clinical outcome, and complications of Inoue balloon mitral valvotomy. , 1994, Catheterization and cardiovascular diagnosis.

[370]  L. Dexter,et al.  Effects of exercise on circulatory dynamics in mitral stenosis. III. , 1951, American heart journal.

[371]  D N Ross,et al.  Replacement of aortic and mitral valves with a pulmonary autograft. , 1967, Lancet.

[372]  R. Winkle,et al.  Propranolol for patients with mitral valve prolapse. , 1977, American heart journal.

[373]  E. Blackstone,et al.  Intermediate-term durability of bicuspid aortic valve repair for prolapsing leaflet. , 1999, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[374]  W. Weintraub,et al.  Case-matched comparison of mitral valve replacement and repair. , 1990, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[375]  D. Brown,et al.  Risk of patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing noncardiac surgery. , 1998, The American journal of cardiology.

[376]  F. Mohr,et al.  Prospectively randomized evaluation of stentless versus conventional biological aortic valves: impact on early regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. , 1999, Circulation.

[377]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Severe Aortic Stenosis with Impaired Left Ventricular Function and Clinical Heart Failure: Results of Valve Replacement , 1978, Circulation.

[378]  S. Lemeshow,et al.  European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE). , 1999, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[379]  S. Rapaport,et al.  Correction of Excessive Anticoagulation with Low-Dose Oral Vitamin K1 , 1997, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[380]  H. Schaff,et al.  Thrombotic occlusion of a prosthetic heart valve: diagnosis and management. , 1985, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[381]  S. Ettinger.  Physical examination of the cardiovascular system. , 1971, The Veterinary clinics of North America.

[382]  M. Turina,et al.  Improved late survival in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation by earlier operation. , 1984, Circulation.

[383]  M. Gotsman,et al.  Mitral valve prolapse in osteogenesis imperfecta. , 1981, Israel journal of medical sciences.

[384]  Z. Lababidi,et al.  Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty: results in 23 patients. , 1984, The American journal of cardiology.

[385]  J. Delahaye,et al.  Cerebrovascular accidents in infective endocarditis: role of anticoagulation. , 1990, European heart journal.

[386]  C. Cheng,et al.  Fetal and neonatal outcome of exposure to anticoagulants during pregnancy. , 1993, American journal of medical genetics.

[387]  S. Nikol,et al.  Selective annuloplasty of the tricuspid valve. Two-year experience. , 1990, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[388]  S L Hancock,et al.  Factors affecting late mortality from heart disease after treatment of Hodgkin's disease. , 1993, JAMA.

[389]  Lee Em,et al.  Mitral valve surgery in the elderly. , 1997 .

[390]  R. Bonow,et al.  Chronic aortic regurgitation. Role of medical therapy and optimal timing for surgery. , 1998, Cardiology clinics.

[391]  D. Levy,et al.  Distribution and categorization of echocardiographic measurements in relation to reference limits: the Framingham Heart Study: formulation of a height- and sex-specific classification and its prospective validation. , 1997, Circulation.

[392]  I. Palacios,et al.  Echocardiography can predict the development of severe mitral regurgitation after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty by the Inoue technique. , 1999, The American journal of cardiology.

[393]  N. DePace,et al.  Progression of isolated aortic stenosis: analysis of 29 patients having more than 1 cardiac catheterization. , 1983, The American journal of cardiology.

[394]  A. Weyman,et al.  Prevalence of valvular regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography in patients with structurally normal hearts by two-dimensional echocardiography. , 1989, American heart journal.

[395]  R. Speier,et al.  Surgical treatment of active infective endocarditis with paravalvular involvement. , 1994, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[396]  I. Palacios,et al.  Echocardiography can predict which patients will develop severe mitral regurgitation after percutaneous mitral valvulotomy. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[397]  J. Relland,et al.  Comparative evaluation of mitral valve repair and replacement with Starr, Björk, and porcine valve prostheses. , 1984, Circulation.

[398]  M. Kern,et al.  Use of coronary arteriography in the preoperative management of patients undergoing urgent repair of the thoracic aorta. , 1990, American heart journal.

[399]  C M Otto,et al.  Prospective study of asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis. Clinical, echocardiographic, and exercise predictors of outcome. , 1997, Circulation.

[400]  R A Levine,et al.  Insights from three-dimensional echocardiography into the mechanism of functional mitral regurgitation: direct in vivo demonstration of altered leaflet tethering geometry. , 1997, Circulation.

[401]  R. Bergström,et al.  Observed and relative survival after aortic valve replacement. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[402]  V. M. Jelinek.  Serial M‐mode Echocardiography in Severe Chronic Aortic Regurgitation , 1980, Circulation.

[403]  M. Carrier,et al.  The Carpentier-Edwards pericardial bioprosthesis: clinical experience with 600 patients. , 1995, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[404]  H. Sullivan.  Valvular heart surgery during pregnancy. , 1995, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[405]  L B McGuire,et al.  Assessment of Preoperative Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Mitral Regurgitation: Value of the End‐systolic Wall Stress–End‐systolic Volume Ratio , 1981, Circulation.

[406]  M. Cheitlin,et al.  Task force 2: Acquired valvular heart disease , 1994 .

[407]  W. Jamieson,et al.  Structural valve deterioration in elderly patient populations with the Carpentier-Edwards standard and supra-annular porcine bioprostheses: a comparative study. , 1992, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[408]  R. Levy,et al.  Identification and characterization of calcifying valve cells from human and canine aortic valves. , 1999, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[409]  J. Ross.  The timing of surgery for severe mitral regurgitation. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[410]  O. Medina,et al.  Influence of surgery on the natural history of rheumatic mitral and aortic valve disease. , 1975, The American journal of cardiology.

[411]  A. Buda,et al.  Hypomastia and mitral-valve prolapse. Evidence of a linked embryologic and mesenchymal dysplasia. , 1983, The New England journal of medicine.

[412]  R. Bonow,et al.  Radionuclide angiography in the management of asymptomatic aortic regurgitation. , 1991, Circulation.

[413]  A. Rissanen,et al.  Absence of cardiac valve dysfunction in obese patients treated with sibutramine. , 1999, Obesity research.

[414]  J. Patel,et al.  Percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy in pregnant patients with tight pliable mitral stenosis. , 1993, American heart journal.

[415]  K A Eagle,et al.  Diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of suspected aortic dissection. Old standards and new directions. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[416]  W. Daggett,et al.  Mitral valve replacement for isolated mitral regurgitation: analysis of clinical course and late postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction. , 1981, The American journal of cardiology.

[417]  M. I. Ferrer,et al.  Mechanical and Myocardial Factors in Rheumatic Heart Disease with Mitral Stenosis , 1955, Circulation.

[418]  L. Cohn,et al.  Hemodynamic Determinants of Prognosis of Aortic Valve Replacement in Critical Aortic Stenosis and Advanced Congestive Heart Failure , 1980, Circulation.

[419]  R Gorlin,et al.  Left ventricular ejection fraction as a prognostic guide in surgical treatment of coronary and valvular heart disease. , 1974, The American journal of cardiology.

[420]  J. Benichou,et al.  Percutaneous mechanical mitral commissurotomy with a newly designed metallic valvulotome: immediate results of the initial experience in 153 patients. , 1999, Circulation.

[421]  R. Körfer,et al.  Aortic valve surgery following previous coronary artery bypass grafting. Impact of calcification and leaflet movement. , 1998, International journal of cardiology.

[422]  P. Clarkson,et al.  Bacterial Endocarditis Following Homograft Replacement of the Aortic Valve , 1970, Circulation.

[423]  C. Duran,et al.  Immediate and long-term effect of mitral balloon valvotomy on severe pulmonary hypertension in patients with mitral stenosis. , 1996, American heart journal.

[424]  P. Ducimetiere,et al.  Functional results 5 years after successful percutaneous mitral commissurotomy in a series of 528 patients and analysis of predictive factors. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[425]  F. Marumo,et al.  [The prevalence and clinical features of pathologically abnormal mitral valve leaflets (myxomatous mitral valve) in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome: an echocardiographic and pathological comparative study]. , 1991, Journal of cardiology. Supplement.

[426]  M. Cotrufo,et al.  Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy versus open mitral commissurotomy: a comparative study. , 1999, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[427]  K. Bailey,et al.  Natural history of moderate aortic stenosis. , 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[428]  A. Riba,et al.  Radionuclide angiographic exercise left ventricular performance in chronic aortic regurgitation: relationship to resting echographic ventricular dimensions and systolic wall stress index. , 1982, American heart journal.

[429]  B. Maron,et al.  26th Bethesda Conferance: Recommendations for determining eligibility for competetion in athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities , 1994 .

[430]  S. Epstein,et al.  Left ventricular function at rest and during exercise after aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic regurgitation. , 1979, The American journal of cardiology.

[431]  C. Macaya,et al.  Long-term clinical and echocardiographic follow-up after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty with the Inoue balloon. , 1999, Circulation.

[432]  E. Yellin,et al.  Mechanism of reduction of mitral regurgitation with vasodilator therapy. , 1979, The American journal of cardiology.

[433]  A. B. de la Rivière,et al.  Allograft aortic root replacement in prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis: a review of 32 patients. , 1997, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[434]  J. Edwards,et al.  Studies of the Mitral Valve: II. Certain Anatomic Features of the Mitral Valve and Associated Structures in Mitral Stenosis , 1956, Circulation.

[435]  P. Kligfield,et al.  Natural history of the asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic patient with severe mitral regurgitation secondary to mitral valve prolapse and normal right and left ventricular performance. , 1994, The American journal of cardiology.

[436]  J. Hickman,et al.  The nature and prevalence of the abnormal exercise electrocardiogram in mitral valve prolapse. , 1979, American heart journal.

[437]  Francioli Pb.  Ceftriaxone and outpatient treatment of infective endocarditis. , 1993 .

[438]  W. Roberts,et al.  Mitral Valvular Disease: A Clinicopathologic Survey of the Conditions Causing the Mitral Valve To Function Abnormally , 1972 .

[439]  J. Ambrose,et al.  Cardiac catheterization and selective coronary angiography in ascending aortic aneurysm or dissection. , 1994, Catheterization and cardiovascular diagnosis.

[440]  D. Mark,et al.  ACC/AHA Guidelines for Exercise Testing. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Exercise Testing). , 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[441]  J. Neufeld.  Arrhythmias in mitral valve prolapse , 1985 .

[442]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Impact of preoperative symptoms on survival after surgical correction of organic mitral regurgitation: rationale for optimizing surgical indications. , 1999, Circulation.

[443]  A. Harris,et al.  Significance and prognosis of an isolated late systolic murmur: a 9- to 22-yearyearfollow-up. , 1974, British heart journal.

[444]  Y. Hirota,et al.  Natural history and left ventricular response in chronic aortic regurgitation. , 1996, The American journal of cardiology.

[445]  R. Elkins,et al.  The Ross operation: a 12-year experience. , 1999, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[446]  H. Marriott.  Bedside Cardiac Diagnosis , 1993 .

[447]  J. McCullough,et al.  Surgical treatment of the dilated ascending aorta: when and how? , 1999, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[448]  J. Howard,et al.  Pathology of tricuspid valve stenosis and pure tricuspid regurgitation—Part II , 1995, Clinical cardiology.

[449]  J. Albertal,et al.  Experience with moderate intensity anticoagulation and aspirin after mechanical valve replacement. A retrospective, non-randomized study. , 1993, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[450]  J. K. Harrison,et al.  Effectiveness of percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy during pregnancy. , 1991, The American journal of cardiology.

[451]  V. Willman,et al.  Management of asymptomatic mild aortic stenosis during coronary artery operations. , 1996, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[452]  E. Cheriex,et al.  Value of exercise Doppler-echocardiography in patients with mitral stenosis. , 1994, International journal of cardiology.

[453]  M. Yacoub,et al.  Evaluation of unstented aortic homografts for the treatment of prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis. , 1994, Circulation.

[454]  J. Halperin,et al.  Effect of nitroglycerin on the pulmonary venous gradient in patients after mitral valve replacement. , 1985, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[455]  H. Griffiths,et al.  A case-control investigation of the relation between hyperlipidaemia and calcific aortic valve stenosis , 1997, Heart.

[456]  A. Cribier,et al.  Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty in patients with severe aortic stenosis and low ejection fraction. Immediate results and 1-year follow-up. , 1989, Circulation.

[457]  E. Jones,et al.  Treatment of moderate mitral regurgitation and coronary disease by coronary bypass alone: late results. , 1999, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[458]  B. Carabello,et al.  Timing of valve replacement in aortic stenosis. Moving closer to perfection. , 1997, Circulation.

[459]  F. Yin,et al.  Limitations of pulmonary wedge V waves in diagnosing mitral regurgitation. , 1982, The American journal of cardiology.

[460]  N. Ozdemir,et al.  Intravenous thrombolytic treatment of mechanical prosthetic valve thrombosis: a study using serial transesophageal echocardiography. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[461]  J. Carroll,et al.  Serial changes in left ventricular function after correction of chronic aortic regurgitation. Dependence on early changes in preload and subsequent regression of hypertrophy. , 1983, The American journal of cardiology.

[462]  J. Chambers,et al.  Murmurs in pregnancy: an audit of echocardiography. , 1992, BMJ.

[463]  L. Cohn,et al.  Twenty-year follow-up of the Hancock modified orifice porcine aortic valve. , 1998, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[464]  M. LeWinter,et al.  Mitral valve replacement versus mitral valve repair. A Doppler and quantitative stress echocardiographic study. , 1994, Circulation.

[465]  W. White,et al.  Mortality and need for reoperation in patients with mild-to-moderate asymptomatic aortic valve disease undergoing coronary artery bypass graft alone. , 1999, American heart journal.

[466]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Mortality and morbidity of aortic regurgitation in clinical practice. A long-term follow-up study. , 1999, Circulation.

[467]  J. Hirsh,et al.  RANDOMISED COMPARISON OF TWO INTENSITIES OF ORAL ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY AFTER TISSUE HEART VALVE REPLACEMENT , 1988, The Lancet.

[468]  H. Barnett,et al.  The enigma of the risk of stroke in mitral valve prolapse. , 1985, Stroke.

[469]  M. Cerqueira,et al.  Left ventricular function in ischemic mitral regurgitation--a precatheterization assessment. , 1988, American heart journal.

[470]  J. Widimský,et al.  Left heart haemodynamics at rest and during exercise in patients with mitral stenosis. , 1968, British heart journal.

[471]  C. Oakley,et al.  Outcome of pregnancy in women with valve prostheses. , 1994, British heart journal.

[472]  R W Parkey,et al.  In vivo measurement of myocardial mass using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. , 1986, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[473]  J. Kirklin.  Percutaneous balloon versus surgical closed commissurotomy for mitral stenosis. , 1991, Circulation.

[474]  S. Oparil,et al.  Compartmentalization of angiotensin II generation in the dog heart. Evidence for independent mechanisms in intravascular and interstitial spaces. , 1997, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[475]  P. Mills,et al.  Long-term prognosis of mitral-valve prolapse. , 1977, The New England journal of medicine.

[476]  Richard P. Lewis,et al.  ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Clinical Application of Echocardiography). Developed in collaboration with the American Society of Echocardio , 1997, Circulation.

[477]  J. Ross,et al.  EFFECTS OF MITRAL-VALVE REPLACEMENT ON THE PULMONARY VASCULAR DYNAMICS OF PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. , 1965, The New England journal of medicine.

[478]  L. Cohn,et al.  Fifteen‐Year Experience with 1678 Hancock Porcine Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Replacements , 1989, Annals of surgery.

[479]  R. Okada,et al.  Early changes in left ventricular size and function after correction of left ventricular volume overload. , 1981, The American journal of cardiology.

[480]  D. Ramsdale,et al.  Angina, coronary risk factors and coronary artery disease in patients with valvular disease. A prospective study. , 1984, European heart journal.

[481]  E. Gurfinkel,et al.  Comparison of two levels of anticoagulant therapy in patients with substitute heart valves. , 1991, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[482]  C. Duran.  Tricuspid Valve Surgery Revisited , 1994, Journal of cardiac surgery.

[483]  K. Hammermeister,et al.  Clinical Investigation Determinants of Survival and Left Ventricular Performance After Mitral Valve Replacement , 2005 .

[484]  T. N. James,et al.  Cardiac abnormalities demonstrated postmortem in four cases of accidental electrocution and their potential significance relative to nonfatal electrical injuries of the heart. , 1990, American heart journal.

[485]  R. Hall,et al.  Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients 80 Years and Older Operative Risks and Long‐term Results , 1993, Circulation.

[486]  J. Lindsay,et al.  Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the aorta. , 1997, Current problems in cardiology.

[487]  A. Szamosi,et al.  Rate of progression of severity of valvular aortic stenosis. , 2009, Acta medica Scandinavica.

[488]  R. Bache,et al.  Hemodynamic Effects of Exercise in Isolated Valvular Aortic Stenosis , 1971, Circulation.

[489]  R. Devereux,et al.  Cost-effectiveness of infective endocarditis prophylaxis for mitral valve prolapse with or without a mitral regurgitant murmur. , 1994, The American journal of cardiology.

[490]  L. Cohn,et al.  Decreased operative risk of surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation with or without coronary artery disease. , 1990, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[491]  R. Bonow,et al.  Observations on the optimum time for operative intervention for aortic regurgitation. II. Serial echocardiographic evaluation of asymptomatic patients. , 1980, Circulation.

[492]  A H Harken,et al.  A practical approach to prosthetic valve endocarditis. , 1987, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[493]  J. Hirsh,et al.  Management of anticoagulation before and after elective surgery. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[494]  P. Shah,et al.  Echocardiographic diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse. , 1994, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[495]  H. March,et al.  Longitudinal Hemodynamic and Clinical Study of Mitral Stenosis , 1971, Circulation.

[496]  A. Dore,et al.  Pregnancy in patients with pulmonary autograft valve replacement. , 1997, European heart journal.

[497]  V. Fuster,et al.  Preoperative M-mode echocardiography as a predictor of surgical results in chronic aortic insufficiency , 1980 .

[498]  D C Naftel,et al.  Long-term performance of heart valve prostheses. , 2000, Current problems in cardiology.

[499]  L. Fauchier,et al.  Ventricular Arrhythmia Factors in Mitral Valve Prolapse , 1994, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[500]  S. Serrano-Fiz.  La operación de Ross , 1999 .

[501]  J. Repke,et al.  A prospective longitudinal evaluation of pregnancy in the Marfan syndrome. , 1995, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[502]  Y. Adler,et al.  The natural history of aortic valve disease after mitral valve surgery. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[503]  C. Schwabe,et al.  Human relaxins: chemistry and biology. , 1994, Endocrine reviews.

[504]  A. Selzer.  Changing aspects of the natural history of valvular aortic stenosis. , 1987, The New England journal of medicine.

[505]  M. Zile,et al.  Mitral Valve Replacement With and Without Chordal Preservation in Patients With Chronic Mitral Regurgitation: Mechanisms for Differences in Postoperative Ejection Performance , 1992, Circulation.

[506]  O. Hess,et al.  Left ventricular systolic function in aortic stenosis. , 1988, European heart journal.

[507]  E. Craige,et al.  The Austin Flint Murmur and the a Wave of the Apexcardiogram in Aortic Regurgitation , 1971, Circulation.

[508]  D. Adams,et al.  Assessment and management of functional or ischaemic mitral regurgitation , 2000, The Lancet.

[509]  Exercise-induced mitral regurgitation is a predictor of morbid events in subjects with mitral valve prolapse. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[510]  R. Devereux,et al.  Two-dimensional echocardiographic aortic root dimensions in normal children and adults. , 1989, The American journal of cardiology.

[511]  Homer Yang,et al.  Patients with aortic stenosis: Cardiac complications in non-cardiac surgery , 1998, Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie.

[512]  D Horstkotte,et al.  Prosthetic valve thrombosis. , 1995, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[513]  W. Gaasch.  Diagnosis and treatment of heart failure based on left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction. , 1994, JAMA.

[514]  B. Iung,et al.  AREVA: multicenter randomized comparison of low-dose versus standard-dose anticoagulation in patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves. , 1996, Circulation.

[515]  M. Dinubile,et al.  Short-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Right-Sided Endocarditis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus in Injection Drug Users , 1994, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[516]  R. Bonow,et al.  Long-term serial changes in left ventricular function and reversal of ventricular dilatation after valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation. , 1988, Circulation.

[517]  C. Leier,et al.  The spectrum of cardiac defects in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, types I and III. , 1980, Annals of internal medicine.

[518]  P. W. Willis,et al.  The Familial Occurrence of the Syndrome of Mid‐Late Systolic Click and Late Systolic Murmur , 1969, Circulation.

[519]  B. Iung,et al.  Usefulness of percutaneous balloon commissurotomy for mitral stenosis during pregnancy. , 1994, The American journal of cardiology.

[520]  J. Sobrino,et al.  Initial outcome of percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty in rheumatic tricuspid valve stenosis. , 1993, The American journal of cardiology.

[521]  M. Marcus,et al.  Increased Size of Myocardial Infarction in Dogs with Chronic Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy , 1982, Circulation research.

[522]  D. Mchaffie,et al.  Nonspecific systolic murmurs: an audit of the clinical value of echocardiography. , 1993, The New Zealand medical journal.

[523]  W. Abelmann,et al.  The spectrum of pure mitral stenosis. Hemodynamic studies in relation to clinical disability. , 1962, The American journal of cardiology.

[524]  A. Holdcroft,et al.  Anaesthesia for Caesarean section in patients with aortic stenosis: the case for regional anaesthesia , 1998, Anaesthesia.

[525]  W. P. Harvey.  Cardiac pearls. , 1994, Disease-a-month : DM.

[526]  V. Fuster,et al.  Guidelines for management of left-sided prosthetic valve thrombosis: a role for thrombolytic therapy. Consensus Conference on Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis. , 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[527]  G. Lamas,et al.  Clinical significance of mitral regurgitation after acute myocardial infarction. Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Investigators. , 1997, Circulation.

[528]  N VonJagic,et al.  Auscultation of the heart , 1954 .

[529]  G. Sahar,et al.  Outcome and risk factors in octogenarians undergoing open-heart surgery. , 1999, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[530]  C. Naylor.  Systolic propulsion of the eyeballs in tricuspid regurgitation , 1995, The Lancet.

[531]  H. Schaff,et al.  Outcome of mitral valve repair in patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation. Should the maze procedure be combined with mitral valvuloplasty? , 1994, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[532]  R. Arora,et al.  Immediate and long-term results of balloon and surgical closed mitral valvotomy: a randomized comparative study. , 1993, American heart journal.

[533]  H. Nawaz,et al.  Natural history of left ventricular performance at rest and during exercise after aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation. , 1991, Circulation.

[534]  J. Hayashi,et al.  Combined warfarin and antiplatelet therapy after St. Jude Medical valve replacement for mitral valve disease. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[535]  P. Wood.  An Appreciation of Mitral Stenosis—I* , 1954 .

[536]  C. Wooley,et al.  Mitral valve prolapse and the mitral valve prolapse syndrome. , 1988, Current problems in cardiology.

[537]  J. Seward,et al.  Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients. , 1993, Circulation.

[538]  T. Denton,et al.  Results of coronary artery bypass grafting and/or aortic or mitral valve operation in patients > or = 90 years of age. , 1994, The American journal of cardiology.

[539]  W. Edwards,et al.  New observations on the etiology of aortic valve disease: a surgical pathologic study of 236 cases from 1990. , 1993, Human pathology.

[540]  S. Davies,et al.  Progression of valvar aortic stenosis: a long-term retrospective study. , 1991, European heart journal.

[541]  Bonnie K. Lind,et al.  Association of aortic-valve sclerosis with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the elderly. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[542]  W. Gaasch,et al.  Chronic Aortic Regurgitation , 2011, Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine.

[543]  R. Falk,et al.  Effects of exercise on transmitral gradient and pulmonary artery pressure in patients with mitral stenosis or a prosthetic mitral valve: a Doppler echocardiographic study. , 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[544]  A. Bolger,et al.  Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. , 1983, Medical times.

[545]  H. White,et al.  Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction--etiologies, management and outcome: a report from the SHOCK Trial Registry. SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries for cardiogenic shocK? , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[546]  J. Bristow,et al.  The Role of Left Atrial Transport in Aortic and Mitral Stenosis , 1970, Circulation.

[547]  B. Iung,et al.  Late results of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy in a series of 1024 patients. Analysis of late clinical deterioration: frequency, anatomic findings, and predictive factors. , 1999, Circulation.

[548]  R. Levine,et al.  Restricted diastolic opening of the mitral leaflets in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: evidence for increased valve tethering. , 1998, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[549]  M. Rosenqvist,et al.  Accumulation of T lymphocytes and expression of interleukin-2 receptors in nonrheumatic stenotic aortic valves. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[550]  P. Block.  Aortic valvuloplasty--a valid alternative? , 1988, The New England journal of medicine.

[551]  Richard P. Lewis,et al.  ACC/AHA guidelines for the clinical application of echocardiography. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Assessment of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Cardiovascular Procedures (Subcommittee to Develop Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocard , 1990, Circulation.

[552]  M. David Tilson,et al.  Suggested standards for reporting on arterial aneurysms , 1991 .

[553]  I. Palacios,et al.  Percutaneous balloon dilatation of the mitral valve: an analysis of echocardiographic variables related to outcome and the mechanism of dilatation. , 1988, British heart journal.

[554]  J. Copeland,et al.  Long-term follow-up after isolated aortic valve replacement. , 1977, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[555]  J. Kilman,et al.  Tricuspid stenosis. Atrial systolic murmur, tricuspid opening snap, and right atrial pressure pulse. , 1985, The American journal of medicine.

[556]  J Valk,et al.  Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging for determination of left ventricular ejection fraction and comparison with angiography. , 1988, The American journal of cardiology.

[557]  T. Hilton.  Aortic valve replacement for patients with mild to moderate aortic stenosis undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery , 2000, Clinical cardiology.

[558]  E. Jones,et al.  Ten-year experience with the porcine bioprosthetic valve: interrelationship of valve survival and patient survival in 1,050 valve replacements. , 1990, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[559]  T. David,et al.  Mitral valve replacement for mitral regurgitation with and without preservation of chordae tendineae. , 1984, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[560]  K S Pieper,et al.  Balloon aortic valvuloplasty in adults: failure of procedure to improve long-term survival. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[561]  M. Cohen,et al.  Balloon valvuloplasty in adult aortic stenosis: determinants of clinical outcome. , 1989, Annals of internal medicine.

[562]  G. Thiene,et al.  Aortic root dilatation in young men with normally functioning bicuspid aortic valves , 1999, Heart.

[563]  R. De Paulis,et al.  The De Vega tricuspid annuloplasty. Perioperative mortality and long term follow-up. , 1990, The Journal of cardiovascular surgery.

[564]  C. Borden,et al.  Mitral Stenosis: A Long Term Postoperative Follow-Up , 1967 .

[565]  I. Palacios,et al.  Clinical follow-up of patients undergoing percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy. , 1995, Circulation.

[566]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Valve repair improves the outcome of surgery for mitral regurgitation. A multivariate analysis. , 1995, Circulation.

[567]  S. Nashef,et al.  Eurp-pean system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (Euro SCORE) , 1999 .

[568]  W. Manning,et al.  Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic determinants of the natural history of mitral valve narrowing in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis: implications for follow-up. , 1992, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[569]  H. Schaff,et al.  Chronic aortic regurgitation , 1988 .

[570]  J. Ware,et al.  Observations on the Optimum Time for Operative Intervention for Aortic Regurgitation: II. Serial Echocardiographic Evaluation of Asymptomatic Patients , 1980, Circulation.

[571]  Lippincott Williams Wilkins,et al.  Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study: Final Results , 1991, Circulation.

[572]  P. Cappabianca,et al.  Surgical results for mitral regurgitation from coronary artery disease. , 1986, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[573]  D. Graham,et al.  Further cases of valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[574]  E. Blackstone,et al.  Aortic valve replacement for active infectious endocarditis in 108 patients. A comparison of freehand allograft valves with mechanical prostheses and bioprostheses. , 1992, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[575]  R. O'rourke,et al.  The systolic click-murmur syndrome: clinical recognition and management. , 1976, Current problems in cardiology.

[576]  H F Li,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of the severity of mitral regurgitation. Comparison with invasive techniques. , 1995, Circulation.

[577]  M. Kern,et al.  Quantitative evaluation of aortic insufficiency by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography. , 1986, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[578]  Y. Kawashima,et al.  Surgical management of infective endocarditis associated with cerebral complications. Multi-center retrospective study in Japan. , 1995, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[579]  O. Hess,et al.  Spontaneous course of aortic valve disease. , 1987, European heart journal.

[580]  Richard P. Lewis,et al.  Guidelines for clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging. Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Assessment of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Cardiovascular Procedures (Committee on Radionuclide Imaging), developed in collaboration with the American Soci , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[581]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Aortic regurgitation complicated by extreme left ventricular dilation: long-term outcome after surgical correction. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[582]  L. Cohn,et al.  Conservative operation for mitral insufficiency: critical analysis supported by postoperative hemodynamic studies of 72 patients. , 1980, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[583]  R. Bonow,et al.  Comparative assessment of chordal preservation versus chordal resection during mitral valve replacement. , 1990, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[584]  T. Wisenbaugh,et al.  Prediction of outcome after valve replacement for rheumatic mitral regurgitation in the era of chordal preservation. , 1994, Circulation.

[585]  R. Foale,et al.  Pregnancy and prosthetic heart valves , 1994, The Lancet.

[586]  L Hatle,et al.  Noninvasive Assessment of Atrioventricular Pressure Half‐time by Doppler Ultrasound , 1979, Circulation.

[587]  I. Yada,et al.  Preoperative evaluation and surgical treatment for tricuspid regurgitation associated with acquired valvular heart disease. The Kay-Boyd method vs the Carpentier-Edwards ring method. , 1990, The Journal of cardiovascular surgery.

[588]  A. Weyman,et al.  Influence of orifice geometry and flow rate on effective valve area: an in vitro study. , 1990, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[589]  I. Palacios,et al.  Immediate and Long‐term Outcome of Percutaneous Mitral Valvotomy in Patients 65 Years and Older , 1992, Circulation.

[590]  M. Yacoub,et al.  Surgical Treatment of Mitral Regurgitation Caused by Floppy Valves: Repair Versus Replacement , 1981, Circulation.

[591]  N. Fortuin,et al.  On the Mechanism of the Austin Flint Murmur , 1972, Circulation.

[592]  J. Perloff,et al.  Physical Examination of the Heart and Circulation , 1982 .

[593]  S. Epstein,et al.  Mitral restenosis: an uncommon cause of recurrent symptoms following mitral commissurotomy. , 1970, The American journal of cardiology.

[594]  D N Ross,et al.  Treatment of complicated prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis with annular abscess formation by homograft aortic root replacement. , 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[595]  M. Cheitlin,et al.  Vasodilator therapy in chronic asymptomatic aortic regurgitation: enalapril versus hydralazine therapy. , 1994, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[596]  S. Rangwala,et al.  Management of the parturient with severe aortic incompetence. , 1995, Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia.

[597]  M. Enriquez-Sarano,et al.  Secular trends in coronary atherosclerosis--analysis in patients with valvular regurgitation. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[598]  J. Bonnar,et al.  Letter: Subcutaneous heparin. , 1974, Lancet.

[599]  D. Cooley,et al.  Comparison of bioprosthetic and mechanical valve replacement for active endocarditis. , 1985, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[600]  W. Daniel,et al.  Chronic aortic regurgitation: reassessment of the prognostic value of preoperative left ventricular end-systolic dimension and fractional shortening. , 1985, Circulation.

[601]  W. Gaasch,et al.  Left ventricular radius to wall thickness ratio. , 1979, The American journal of cardiology.

[602]  G F Tyers,et al.  Carpentier-Edwards standard porcine bioprosthesis: primary tissue failure (structural valve deterioration) by age groups. , 1988, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[603]  Willis Pw rd,et al.  Thromboembolic complications of rheumatic heart disease. , 1973 .

[604]  E. Rosenkranz,et al.  Mitral valve repair for bacterial endocarditis. , 1992, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[605]  E. Rapaport.  Natural history of aortic and mitral valve disease. , 1975, The American journal of cardiology.

[606]  E. Wong,et al.  Prosthetic valve endocarditis: superiority of surgical valve replacement versus medical therapy only. , 1994, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[607]  J. Merrett,et al.  Cerebral embolism and mitral stenosis: survival with and without anticoagulants , 1974, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[608]  Wald Er.  Bacteriuria in schoolgirls. , 1980 .

[609]  A. Hakki,et al.  Left ventricular function in chronic aortic regurgitation. , 1983, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[610]  W. Laskey,et al.  Percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty in octogenarians: morbidity and mortality. , 1989, Annals of internal medicine.

[611]  D. Fatkin,et al.  Percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy with the Inoue single-balloon catheter: commissural morphology as a determinant of outcome. , 1993, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[612]  C. Schmid,et al.  Repair of flail anterior leaflets of tricuspid and mitral valves by cusp remodeling. , 1990, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[613]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Lessons learned about the determinants of the results of valve surgery. , 1988, Circulation.

[614]  A. Tajik,et al.  Thrombolytic therapy for obstruction of mechanical prosthetic valves. , 1996, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[615]  A. Arifi,et al.  Valve replacement with a stentless bioprosthesis: versatility of the porcine aortic root. , 1998, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[616]  J. Rome.  Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty , 1998, Pediatric Cardiology.

[617]  S. Aranki,et al.  Management of Mild Aortic Stenosis During Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery , 1994, Journal of cardiac surgery.

[618]  A. Cochrane,et al.  Allograft aortic valve replacement: long-term follow-up. , 1995, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[619]  Samin K. Sharma,et al.  Angina pectoris in Severe Aortic Stenosis , 2000, Cardiology.

[620]  B. Brundage,et al.  Rate of progression of severity of valvular aortic stenosis in the adult. , 1979, American heart journal.

[621]  C. Akins,et al.  Mechanical cardiac valvular prostheses. , 1991, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[622]  B. Firth,et al.  Prognostic significance of preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction and valve lesion in patients with aortic valve replacement. , 1980, The American journal of cardiology.

[623]  J. Daubert,et al.  Surgery for Aortic Stenosis in Elderly Patients: A study of Surgical Risk and Predictive Factors , 1994, Circulation.

[624]  B. Carabello.  The changing unnatural history of valvular regurgitation. , 1992, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[625]  I. Palacios,et al.  Echocardiographic evaluation of mitral valve structure and function in patients followed for at least 6 months after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty. , 1988, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[626]  U. Elkayam.  Anticoagulation in pregnant women with prosthetic heart valves: a double jeopardy. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[627]  W. Gaasch,et al.  Left ventricular function after surgical correction of chronic mitral regurgitation. , 1991, European heart journal.

[628]  R. Lange,et al.  Tricuspid valve reconstruction, a treatment option in acute endocarditis. , 1996, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[629]  L Hatle,et al.  Noninvasive assessment of pressure drop in mitral stenosis by Doppler ultrasound. , 1978, British heart journal.

[630]  R. Sh.  Recognition and management of acute aortic regurgitation. , 1993 .

[631]  R GORLIN,et al.  Hydraulic formula for calculation of the area of the stenotic mitral valve, other cardiac valves, and central circulatory shunts. I. , 1951, American heart journal.

[632]  W. Rużyłło,et al.  Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy with the Inoue balloon for severe mitral stenosis during pregnancy. , 1992, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[633]  J. Forfar,et al.  How should we manage symptomatic aortic stenosis in the patient who is 80 or older? , 1995, British heart journal.

[634]  Smith Dc,et al.  Transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the aorta. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[635]  D. Baim,et al.  Predictors of long-term outcome after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty. , 1992, The New England journal of medicine.

[636]  E. Mcfadden,et al.  Mid-term comparative follow-up after aortic valve replacement with Carpentier-Edwards and Pericarbon pericardial prostheses. , 1999, Circulation.

[637]  J A Shaver,et al.  Cardiac auscultation: a cost-effective diagnostic skill. , 1995, Current problems in cardiology.

[638]  S. Kothari,et al.  Thrombolytic therapy for prosthetic valve thrombosis: short- and long-term results. , 2000, American heart journal.