Applied and Computational Mathematics Division: Summary of Activities for Fiscal Year 2020

This report summarizes recent technical work of the Applied and Computational Sciences Division of the Information Technology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Part I (Overview) provides a high-level overview of the Division’s activities, including highlights of technical accomplishments during the previous year. Part II (Features) provides further details on eight projects of particular note this year. This is followed in Part III (Project Summaries) by brief synopses of all technical projects active during the past year. Part IV (Activity Data) provides listings of publications, technical talks, and other professional activities in which Division staff members have participated. The reporting period covered by this document is October 2013 through December 2014. For further information, contact Ronald F. Boisvert, Mail Stop 8910, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8910, phone 301-975-3812, email boisvert@nist.gov, or see the Division’s web site at http://www.nist.gov/itl/math/index.cfm. Cover Visualization: Staff in NIST’s Applied and Computational Mathematics Division are exploring possibilities for quantitative measurement of the magnetic moment of local iron distribution in human tissue. This distribution is suspected to be an important bio-marker for brain function and irregularities have been associated with traumatic brain injury. It is proposed that magnetic moments can be mapped by phase measurement of MRI signals. This figure shows one such measurement. The image on the left reveals a heavily-wrapped phase image. The linear oscillation of phase across the image is the result of an offset of the k-space acquisition data. Division staff members have developed an analysis which estimates and corrects for this offset. The result is shown in the image on the right. Correcting for this large systematic background effect will allow for more fine-scale analysis of magnetic moment distribution in the future. See page 51. Section Visualizations: The word cloud found at the start of each Part of this document was created using Wordle, http://www.wordle.net/, using the text of this document as input. Acknowledgements: Thanks to Catherine Graham and Ginger White for assisting in the compilation of Parts III and IV of this document. The word art at the start of each major section was created using Wordle (http://wordle.net/) to process the text of this document. Disclaimer: Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Summary of Activities for Fiscal Year 2014 iii

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