Hyperspectral Imaging System for Identification of Fecal and Ingesta Contamination on Poultry Carcasses
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A method and system for detecting fecal and ingesta contaminates were
demonstrated. A visible / near infrared monochromator, which measured reflectance, and
principal component analysis were first used to identify key wavelengths from fecal and
uncontaminated skin samples. Measurements at 434, 517, 565, and 628 nm were identified
and used for evaluation with a hyperspectral imaging system. The hyperspectral imaging
system, which was a line-scan (pushbroom) imaging system, consisted of a hyperspectral
camera, fiber-optic line lights, a computer, and frame grabber. The hyperspectral imaging
camera consisted of a high resolution CCD camera, a prism-grating-prism spectrograph,
focusing lens, associated optical hardware, and a motorized controller. The imaging system
operated from about 400 to 900 nm. The hyperspectral imaging system was calibrated for
wavelength, distance, and percent reflectance, and analysis of calibrated images at the key
wavelengths indicated that single-wavelength images were inadequate for detecting contaminates. However, a ratio of images at two of the key wavelengths was able to identify
fecal and ingesta contaminates. Specifically, the ratio of the 565-nm image divided by the 517-nm
image produced good results. The ratio image was then further processed by masking the
background and enhancing the image contrast with a nonlinear-histogram stretch. The results
indicated that, for the limited sample population, 100% of contaminates were detected. Thus,
the hyperspectral imaging system was able to detect contaminates and showed feasibility, but
was too slow for real-time on-line processing. Therefore, a multivariate system operating at 565
and 517 nm, which should be capable of operating at real-time on-line processing speed, should
be used. Further research with such a system needs to be conducted.