Interannual variability of net ecosystem productivity in forests is explained by carbon flux phenology in autumn

Aim To investigate the importance of autumn phenology in controlling interannual variability of forest net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and to derive new phenological metrics to explain the interannual variability of NEP. Location North America and Europe.

[1]  J. Abatzoglou,et al.  Tracking the rhythm of the seasons in the face of global change: phenological research in the 21st century. , 2009 .

[2]  T. A. Black,et al.  Interannual variability of net carbon exchange is related to the lag between the end-dates of net carbon uptake and photosynthesis: Evidence from long records at two contrasting forest stands , 2012 .

[3]  Markus Reichstein,et al.  Modeling temporal and large‐scale spatial variability of soil respiration from soil water availability, temperature and vegetation productivity indices , 2003 .

[4]  R. Valentini,et al.  A new assessment of European forests carbon exchanges by eddy fluxes and artificial neural network spatialization , 2003 .

[5]  Niels Otto Jensen,et al.  Increasing net CO2 uptake by a Danish beech forest during the period from 1996 to 2009 , 2011 .

[6]  Tuomas Laurila,et al.  Spring initiation and autumn cessation of boreal coniferous forest CO2 exchange assessed by meteorological and biological variables , 2009 .

[7]  P. Ciais,et al.  Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming , 2008, Nature.

[8]  P. Ciais,et al.  Influence of spring and autumn phenological transitions on forest ecosystem productivity , 2010, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[9]  Wenjun Chen,et al.  Increased carbon sequestration by a boreal deciduous forest in years with a warm spring , 2000 .

[10]  Ramakrishna R. Nemani,et al.  Canopy duration has little influence on annual carbon storage in the deciduous broad leaf forest , 2003 .

[11]  Tiina Markkanen,et al.  Interannual variability and timing of growing‐season CO2 exchange in a boreal forest , 2003 .

[12]  Tiina Markkanen,et al.  Air temperature triggers the recovery of evergreen boreal forest photosynthesis in spring , 2003 .

[13]  Mario Hoppema,et al.  Substantial advective iron loss diminishes phytoplankton production in the Antarctic Zone , 2003 .

[14]  Hideyuki Doi,et al.  Latitudinal patterns in the phenological responses of leaf colouring and leaf fall to climate change in Japan , 2008 .

[15]  Xiangming Xiao,et al.  Spatial analysis of growing season length control over net ecosystem exchange , 2005 .

[16]  A. Arneth,et al.  Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation , 2010 .

[17]  D. Baldocchi ‘Breathing’ of the terrestrial biosphere: lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems , 2008 .

[18]  T. Vesala,et al.  On the separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and ecosystem respiration: review and improved algorithm , 2005 .

[19]  Hans Peter Schmid,et al.  Evidence of increased net ecosystem productivity associated with a longer vegetated season in a deciduous forest in south‐central Indiana, USA , 2010 .

[20]  T. A. Black,et al.  Climatic and Phenological Controls of the Carbon and Energy Balances of Three Contrasting Boreal Forest Ecosystems in Western Canada , 2009 .

[21]  T. Black,et al.  Inter-annual variability in the leaf area index of a boreal aspen-hazelnut forest in relation to net ecosystem production , 2004 .

[22]  Heikki Mannila,et al.  Autumn temperature and carbon balance of a boreal Scots pine forest in Southern Finland. , 2010 .

[23]  T. A. Black,et al.  Late-summer carbon fluxes from Canadian forests and peatlands along an east-west continental transect , 2006 .

[24]  W. Oechel,et al.  FLUXNET: A New Tool to Study the Temporal and Spatial Variability of Ecosystem-Scale Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, and Energy Flux Densities , 2001 .

[25]  Todd N. Rosenstiel,et al.  Climatic influences on net ecosystem CO2 exchange during the transition from wintertime carbon source to springtime carbon sink in a high-elevation, subalpine forest , 2005, Oecologia.

[26]  Josef Cihlar,et al.  Annual carbon balance of Canada's forests during 1895–1996 , 2000 .

[27]  Olaf Kolle,et al.  Large carbon uptake by an unmanaged 250-year-old deciduous forest in Central Germany , 2002 .

[28]  Wenquan Zhu,et al.  Extension of the growing season due to delayed autumn over mid and high latitudes in North America during 1982–2006 , 2012 .

[29]  Ü. Rannik,et al.  Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests , 2000, Nature.

[30]  Y. Xue,et al.  Terrestrial biosphere models need better representation of vegetation phenology: results from the North American Carbon Program Site Synthesis , 2012 .

[31]  Gil Bohrer,et al.  A comparison of multiple phenology data sources for estimating seasonal transitions in deciduous forest carbon exchange , 2011 .

[32]  T. A. Black,et al.  Modeling acclimation of photosynthesis to temperature in evergreen conifer forests. , 2010, The New phytologist.