A Summary of Substance Use Programs in a Sample of Ontario Secondary Schools in the Years Surrounding Federal Cannabis Legalization

Introduction: To support schools in the implementation of evidence-based and context-appropriate programs for youth substance use prevention, knowledge users have expressed a need to better understand how substance use programs are implemented. The objective of this study was to examine the availability of cannabis-specific programs and global substance use programs (ie, targeting multiple substances) in secondary schools and whether programming varied by school context and pre-post-federal cannabis legalization. Methods: This study used survey data provided by school administrators at 58 secondary schools in Ontario (Canada) that participated in the COMPASS study in the school years surrounding cannabis legalization (2017-18 and 2018-19). School programs were classified as cannabis-specific or global. Frequency and χ2 analysis examined the availability of programs by school enrolment, area median household income, and urbanicity. An integrated knowledge translation approach was used, in which knowledge users were engaged throughout the process, including in identifying priorities and refining research questions. Results: Among the 58 schools, 25 did not report offering any substance use prevention programs in both years and in schools with programming, global programs remained more common than cannabis-specific programs in the year after legalization. Few schools offered consistent programming across both years. No statistically significant differences in program offerings were observed by school enrolment, area median income, or urbanicity. Conclusion: Almost half of participating schools were not offering either global substance use or cannabis-specific programs in the years surrounding cannabis legalization within Canada. Any potential influence of school contextual factors and cannabis legalization on school prevention programming appears modest. As a key context for equitable public health initiatives, and with Canadian youth having relatively high rates of cannabis use, results point to the need for a comprehensive school-level strategy for substance use prevention. Introduction: Afin d’aider les écoles à mettre en œuvre des programmes fondés sur des données probantes et adaptés au contexte pour la prévention de la consommation de substances psychoactives chez les jeunes, les utilisateurs des connaissances ont exprimé le besoin de mieux comprendre comment les programmes de prévention de la consommation de substances psychoactives sont mis en œuvre. L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner la disponibilité de programmes spécifiques au cannabis et de programmes globaux de prévention de la consommation de substances (c.-à-d. ciblant plusieurs substances) dans les écoles secondaires, et de déterminer si les programmes variaient selon le contexte de l'école avant et après la légalisation du cannabis par le gouvernement fédéral. Méthodes: Cette étude a utilisé les données d’enquête fournies par les administrateurs scolaires de 58 écoles secondaires de l’Ontario (Canada) qui ont participé à l'étude COMPASS au cours des années scolaires entourant la légalisation du cannabis (2017-18 et 2018-19). Les programmes scolaires ont été classés comme spécifiques au cannabis ou globaux. Des analyses de fréquence et du chi-carré ont permis d’examiner la disponibilité des programmes en fonction de l’effectif scolaire, du revenu médian des ménages de la région et de l’urbanité. Une approche intégrée de l’application des connaissances a été utilisée, dans laquelle les utilisateurs des connaissances ont été impliqués tout au long du processus, y compris dans l’identification des priorités et l’affinement des questions de recherche. Résultats: Parmi les 58 écoles, 25 n’ont pas déclaré avoir proposé de programmes de prévention de la consommation de substances psychoactives au cours des deux années, et dans les écoles ayant mis en place des programmes, les programmes globaux sont restés plus fréquents que les programmes spécifiques au cannabis au cours de l’année qui a suivi la légalisation. Peu d'écoles ont proposé une programmation uniforme au cours des deux années. Aucune différence statistiquement significative dans l’offre de programmes n’a été observée en fonction de l’effectif scolaire, du revenu médian de la région ou de l’urbanité. Conclusion: Près de la moitié des écoles participantes n’offraient pas de programmes globaux sur la consommation de substances ou de programmes spécifiques au cannabis dans les années qui ont suivi la légalisation du cannabis au Canada. Toute influence potentielle des facteurs contextuels de l'école et de la légalisation du cannabis sur les programmes de prévention en milieu scolaire semble modeste. Comme il s’agit d’un contexte clé pour les initiatives de santé publique équitables et que les jeunes Canadiens affichent des taux de consommation de cannabis relativement élevés, les résultats soulignent la nécessité d’une stratégie globale de prévention de la consommation de substances à l'échelle de l'école.

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