Upconversion Nanocrystals Mediated Lateral-Flow Nanoplatform for in Vitro Detection.

Upconversion phosphors (UCPs) that are free from interference from biological sample autofluorescence have attracted attention for in vivo and in vitro bioapplications. However, UCPs need to be water-dispersible, nanosized, and highly luminous to realize broad applications. Therefore, the aim of this research is to develop UCPs that meet these comprehensive criteria for in vitro diagnosis. To combine nano size with high luminous intensity, β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanocrystals (UCNPs) codoped with Li+ and K+ are prepared that display high upconversion intensities as well as small size. The strongest green and red emissions of the Na0.9Li0.07K0.03YF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals are increased by 7 and 10 times, respectively, compared with those of the undoped NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals. A mild sol-gel surface modification method is used to produce water-phase dispersions and allow covalent biomolecule conjugation. The bioactivated UCNPs are used as a bioreporter and integrated with a classical lateral flow assay to establish an assay to accomplish simultaneous dual-target detection of Yersinia pestis and Burkholderia pseudomallei. The assay achieves a sensitivity of 103 CFU/test without cross-interference between two targets. The research provides a way to produce UCNPs with comprehensive properties for use as excellent optical reporters in in vivo and in vitro bioapplications.

[1]  Chunhua Yan,et al.  Triple-functional core-shell structured upconversion luminescent nanoparticles covalently grafted with photosensitizer for luminescent, magnetic resonance imaging and photodynamic therapy in vitro. , 2012, Nanoscale.

[2]  Xiaogang Liu,et al.  Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Lanthanide‐Doped Upconversion Nanocrystals , 2009 .

[3]  Wei Feng,et al.  Upconversion luminescence imaging of cells and small animals , 2013, Nature Protocols.

[4]  C. S. Lim,et al.  Simultaneous phase and size control of upconversion nanocrystals through lanthanide doping , 2010, Nature.

[5]  N. A. Mufti,et al.  Upconverting phosphor reporters in immunochromatographic assays. , 2001, Analytical biochemistry.

[6]  Michel Zuiderwijk,et al.  An amplification-free hybridization-based DNA assay to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae utilizing the up-converting phosphor technology. , 2003, Clinical biochemistry.

[7]  B. Cui,et al.  Rapid Detection of Yersinia Pestis Antigen from Decomposed Rodent Viscera Using An Up-Converting Phosphor Technology-Based Lateral-Flow Assay , 2015 .

[8]  Kai Yang,et al.  Facile preparation of multifunctional upconversion nanoprobes for multimodal imaging and dual-targeted photothermal therapy. , 2011, Angewandte Chemie.

[9]  Huijie Huang,et al.  Development of an up-converting phosphor technology-based 10-channel lateral flow assay for profiling antibodies against Yersinia pestis. , 2010, Journal of microbiological methods.

[10]  Juan Wang,et al.  Direct evidence of a surface quenching effect on size-dependent luminescence of upconversion nanoparticles. , 2010, Angewandte Chemie.

[11]  Xiaogang Qu,et al.  Long-circulating Er3+-doped Yb2O3 up-conversion nanoparticle as an in vivo X-Ray CT imaging contrast agent. , 2012, Biomaterials.

[12]  Ruifu Yang,et al.  Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to Yersinia pestis Infection in Long-Term Recovered Plague Patients , 2011, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.

[13]  Emory M. Chan,et al.  Amplifying the Red-Emission of Upconverting Nanoparticles for Biocompatible Clinically Used Prodrug-Induced Photodynamic Therapy , 2014, ACS nano.

[14]  H Tanke,et al.  Use of up-converting phosphor reporters in lateral-flow assays to detect specific nucleic acid sequences: a rapid, sensitive DNA test to identify human papillomavirus type 16 infection. , 2001, Clinical chemistry.

[15]  En Ma,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Upconversion Sc3+/Er3+/Yb3+ Tridoped NaYF4 , 2010 .

[16]  Jun Lin,et al.  Recent progress in rare earth micro/nanocrystals: soft chemical synthesis, luminescent properties, and biomedical applications. , 2014, Chemical reviews.

[17]  Hongwei Song,et al.  Multifunctional NaYF4 : Yb3+,Er3+@Ag core/shell nanocomposites: integration of upconversion imaging and photothermal therapy , 2011 .

[18]  Ling-Dong Sun,et al.  Nd(3+)-sensitized upconversion nanophosphors: efficient in vivo bioimaging probes with minimized heating effect. , 2013, ACS nano.

[19]  H. Tanke,et al.  Up-Converting Phosphor Technology-Based Lateral Flow Assay for Detection of Schistosoma Circulating Anodic Antigen in Serum , 2007, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[20]  H. Tanke,et al.  Detection of cell and tissue surface antigens using up-converting phosphors: a new reporter technology. , 1999, Analytical biochemistry.

[21]  Michel Zuiderwijk,et al.  A user-friendly, highly sensitive assay to detect the IFN-gamma secretion by T cells. , 2008, Clinical biochemistry.

[22]  Chun-Hua Yan,et al.  Bioimaging and toxicity assessments of near-infrared upconversion luminescent NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanocrystals. , 2011, Biomaterials.

[23]  Pingping Zhang,et al.  Evaluation of Up-Converting Phosphor Technology-Based Lateral Flow Strips for Rapid Detection of Bacillus anthracis Spore, Brucella spp., and Yersinia pestis , 2014, PloS one.

[24]  Ernest.  OPTICAL ABSORPTION INTENSITIES OF RARE-EARTH IONS , 2012 .

[25]  Jun Lin,et al.  In vivo multimodality imaging and cancer therapy by near-infrared light-triggered trans-platinum pro-drug-conjugated upconverison nanoparticles. , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[26]  P. Prasad,et al.  Effect of crystal nature on upconversion luminescence in Er3+:ZrO2 nanocrystals , 2003 .

[27]  H. Tanke,et al.  A user-friendly, highly sensitive assay to detect the IFN- γ secretion by T cells , 2008 .

[28]  Lei Zhou,et al.  Rapid and quantitative detection of Brucella by up-converting phosphor technology-based lateral-flow assay. , 2009, Journal of microbiological methods.

[29]  Jing Wang,et al.  Rapid quantitative detection of Yersinia pestis by lateral-flow immunoassay and up-converting phosphor technology-based biosensor , 2006, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[30]  J. Burton,et al.  Detection of analytes by immunoassay using up-converting phosphor technology. , 2001, Analytical biochemistry.

[31]  Ruifu Yang,et al.  Development of up-converting phosphor technology-based lateral-flow assay for rapidly quantitative detection of hepatitis B surface antibody. , 2009, Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease.

[32]  Zhen Cheng,et al.  In vitro and in vivo uncaging and bioluminescence imaging by using photocaged upconversion nanoparticles. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[33]  Wei Feng,et al.  Sub-10 nm hexagonal lanthanide-doped NaLuF4 upconversion nanocrystals for sensitive bioimaging in vivo. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[34]  Mats Nilsson,et al.  Lateral-flow and up-converting phosphor reporters to detect single-stranded nucleic acids in a sandwich-hybridization assay. , 2003, Analytical biochemistry.

[35]  K. Miura,et al.  Simultaneous tailoring of phase evolution and dopant distribution in the glassy phase for controllable luminescence. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[36]  Wei Feng,et al.  Core-shell Fe3O4@NaLuF4:Yb,Er/Tm nanostructure for MRI, CT and upconversion luminescence tri-modality imaging. , 2012, Biomaterials.

[37]  Yang Yang,et al.  Long-term in vivo biodistribution imaging and toxicity of polyacrylic acid-coated upconversion nanophosphors. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[38]  Tero Soukka,et al.  Homogeneous assay technology based on upconverting phosphors. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[39]  P. Prasad,et al.  Upconversion Nanoparticles: Design, Nanochemistry, and Applications in Theranostics , 2014, Chemical reviews.

[40]  Dongmei Yang,et al.  Current advances in lanthanide ion (Ln(3+))-based upconversion nanomaterials for drug delivery. , 2015, Chemical Society reviews.

[41]  Xueyuan Chen,et al.  Upconversion nanoparticles in biological labeling, imaging, and therapy. , 2010, The Analyst.