Nanodermatology: a bright glimpse just beyond the horizon - part I.

Nanotechnology is a relatively new branch of engineering that is making rapid inroads in medicine and dermatology. Nanotechnology applies the unique properties of matter on the nanoscale (1000 nm and smaller) for the purposeful design of new materials. Dermatology is already one of the leading beneficiaries of nanotechnology. Among US patent holders in nanotechnology, the sixth largest is a cosmetics company. Nanotechnology applications have been realized in sunscreens and are being developed for the maintenance of skin health, as well as for the diagnosis and management of skin disease. This article summarizes some of the recent and anticipated advances in nanotechnology for dermatology. In part II, the author addresses the chief concerns of nanotechnology.

[1]  T. Luger,et al.  Treatment of chronic pruritus with the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors paroxetine and fluvoxamine: results of an open-labelled, two-arm proof-of-concept study. , 2009, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[2]  S. Ständer,et al.  Pregabalin in the treatment of chronic pruritus. , 2008, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[3]  S. Ständer,et al.  Neurophysiological and neurochemical basis of modern pruritus treatment , 2008, Experimental dermatology.

[4]  J. Taverna,et al.  Mirtazapine and gabapentin for reducing pruritus in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. , 2006, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[5]  J. West,et al.  Correlating nanoscale titania structure with toxicity: a cytotoxicity and inflammatory response study with human dermal fibroblasts and human lung epithelial cells. , 2006, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[6]  Alexandru D. P. Papoiu,et al.  What causes itch in atopic dermatitis? , 2008, Current allergy and asthma reports.

[7]  D. Silverberg,et al.  Randomised crossover trial of naltrexone in uraemic pruritus , 1996, The Lancet.

[8]  Nandi Ps,et al.  Recognition and management of acute pericarditis. , 1973 .

[9]  Alexandru D. P. Papoiu,et al.  Topical capsaicin. The fire of a ‘hot’ medicine is reignited , 2010, Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy.

[10]  J. Bernhard,et al.  Willan's itch and other causes of pruritus in the elderly , 2005, International journal of dermatology.

[11]  R. Hickerson,et al.  First-in-human mutation-targeted siRNA phase Ib trial of an inherited skin disorder. , 2010, Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy.

[12]  A. Nasir,et al.  Topical botulinum toxin. , 2010, The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology.

[13]  Mellar P. Davis,et al.  Mirtazapine for pruritus. , 2003, Journal of pain and symptom management.

[14]  K. Eric Drexler,et al.  Nanosystems - molecular machinery, manufacturing, and computation , 1992 .

[15]  G. Yosipovitch,et al.  New insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic itch in patients with end‐stage renal disease, chronic liver disease, and lymphoma , 2010, International journal of dermatology.

[16]  H. van Os-Medendorp,et al.  Effectiveness of the nursing programme ‘Coping with itch’: a randomized controlled study in adults with chronic pruritic skin disease , 2007, The British journal of dermatology.

[17]  D. Duffy,et al.  Nanoparticle-based targeting of vaccine compounds to skin antigen-presenting cells by hair follicles and their transport in mice. , 2009, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[18]  M. Prausnitz,et al.  Cutaneous vaccination using microneedles coated with hepatitis C DNA vaccine , 2010, Gene Therapy.

[19]  P. Dykes,et al.  An appraisal of the methods used in the assessment of atrophy from topical corticosteroids , 1979, The British journal of dermatology.

[20]  J. Ring,et al.  Adjuvant treatment of atopic eczema: assessment of an emollient containing N‐palmitoylethanolamine (ATOPA study) , 2007, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[21]  B. Gilchrest,et al.  A survey of skin problems and skin care regimens in the elderly. , 1987, Archives of dermatology.

[22]  A. Vaglio,et al.  Gabapentin for uraemic pruritus. , 2005, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[23]  T. Luger,et al.  Treatment of pruritic diseases with topical calcineurin inhibitors , 2006, Therapeutics and clinical risk management.

[24]  G. Yosipovitch,et al.  Neuropathic and psychogenic itch , 2008, Dermatologic therapy.

[25]  V Jenning,et al.  Encapsulation of retinoids in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). , 2001, Journal of microencapsulation.

[26]  K E Drexler,et al.  Machine-phase nanotechnology. , 2001, Scientific American.

[27]  Thomas A. Luger,et al.  Proteinase-Activated Receptor-2 Mediates Itch: A Novel Pathway for Pruritus in Human Skin , 2003, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[28]  T. Luger,et al.  [Topical cannabinoid agonists. An effective new possibility for treating chronic pruritus]. , 2006, Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete.

[29]  G. Yosipovitch,et al.  Butorphanol for treatment of intractable pruritus. , 2006, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[30]  J. Szepietowski,et al.  Efficacy and tolerance of the cream containing structured physiological lipids with endocannabinoids in the treatment of uremic pruritus: a preliminary study. , 2005, Acta dermatovenerologica Croatica : ADC.

[31]  A. Nasir Nanotechnology and dermatology: part I--potential of nanotechnology. , 2010, Clinics in dermatology.

[32]  T. Muramatsu,et al.  Effect of a novel kappa-receptor agonist, nalfurafine hydrochloride, on severe itch in 337 haemodialysis patients: a Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. , 2010, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[33]  A. Nasir Nanodermatology: a glimpse of caution just beyond the horizon - part II. , 2010, Skin therapy letter.

[34]  G. Yosipovitch,et al.  Menthol: a refreshing look at this ancient compound. , 2007, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[35]  G. Freitag,et al.  Results of a postmarketing drug monitoring survey with a polidocanol-urea preparation for dry, itching skin. , 1997, Current medical research and opinion.

[36]  Lucinda F Buhse,et al.  Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano- and submicron-size TiO2 particles. , 2010, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[37]  J. Storrs Hall,et al.  Nanofuture: What's Next For Nanotechnology , 2005 .

[38]  Adam J Friedman,et al.  Antimicrobial and healing efficacy of sustained release nitric oxide nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus skin infection. , 2009, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[39]  F. Camacho,et al.  A pramoxine-based anti-itch lotion is more effective than a control lotion for the treatment of uremic pruritus in adult hemodialysis patients , 2009, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[40]  H. Nojima,et al.  Thromboxane A2 induces itch-associated responses through TP receptors in the skin in mice. , 2007, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[41]  E. Monroe Efficacy and safety of nalmefene in patients with severe pruritus caused by chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis. , 1989, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[42]  A. Fleischer Pruritus in the elderly: management by senior dermatologists. , 1993, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[43]  T. Mihaljevic,et al.  Near-infrared fluorescent type II quantum dots for sentinel lymph node mapping , 2004, Nature Biotechnology.

[44]  G. Yosipovitch,et al.  Therapy of pruritus , 2010, Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy.

[45]  Mark E. Davis,et al.  Evidence of RNAi in humans from systemically administered siRNA via targeted nanoparticles , 2010, Nature.

[46]  Gordon J. Wood,et al.  An insatiable itch. , 2009, The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society.

[47]  N. Bergasa,et al.  Gabapentin in patients with the pruritus of cholestasis: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial , 2006, Hepatology.

[48]  G. Yosipovitch,et al.  Mirtazapine for reducing nocturnal itch in patients with chronic pruritus: a pilot study. , 2004, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[49]  G. Yosipovitch,et al.  Nocturnal itch: why do we itch at night? , 2007, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[50]  T. Flynn Update on botulinum toxin. , 2006, Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery.

[51]  Han-Joo Lee,et al.  Antibacterial effect of nanosized silver colloidal solution on textile fabrics , 2003 .

[52]  A. Nasir Nanotechnology in vaccine development: a step forward. , 2009, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[53]  David J. Anderson,et al.  TRPV1-expressing primary afferents generate behavioral responses to pruritogens via multiple mechanisms , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[54]  T. Luger,et al.  Antipruritic treatment with systemic μ-opioid receptor antagonists: a review. , 2010, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[55]  Linda M. Katz,et al.  Nanotechnology and applications in cosmetics : General overview , 2007 .

[56]  G. Yosipovitch,et al.  The effect of topically applied aspirin on localized circumscribed neurodermatitis. , 2001, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[57]  D. Alling,et al.  Oral nalmefene therapy reduces scratching activity due to the pruritus of cholestasis: a controlled study. , 1999, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[58]  R. Norman Xerosis and pruritus in the elderly: recognition and management. , 2003, Dermatologic therapy.

[59]  A. Rush,et al.  Sertraline as a first‐line treatment for cholestatic pruritus , 2007, Hepatology.