Instantaneous frequency estimation using an adaptive short-time Fourier transform

Instantaneous frequency estimation is important in many applications, including FM demodulation. Time-frequency-based methods have been widely studied for IF estimation, particularly for low SNR, where they prove to be the most effective methods. We propose a new adaptive short-time Fourier transform algorithm, with chirping windows which is tailored for near-optimal time-frequency-based IF estimation. Extensive performance evaluations with both synthetic and real data demonstrate modest (1-2 dB) improvements in the threshold SNR over the best fixed-window STFTs. The computational cost of the new method is about ten times that of a fixed-window STFT.

[1]  W. C. Jakes,et al.  Microwave Mobile Communications , 1974 .

[2]  B. Boashash,et al.  Window matching in the time-frequency plane and the adaptive spectrogram , 1992, [1992] Proceedings of the IEEE-SP International Symposium on Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis.

[3]  Boualem Boashash,et al.  Estimating and interpreting the instantaneous frequency of a signal. I. Fundamentals , 1992, Proc. IEEE.

[4]  Fj Harris.  Exact FM detection of complex time series , 1987 .

[5]  Langford B. White,et al.  Cartesian hidden Markov models with applications , 1992, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[6]  R. Clarke.  A statistical theory of mobile-radio reception , 1968 .

[7]  L. Rabiner,et al.  An introduction to hidden Markov models , 1986, IEEE ASSP Magazine.

[8]  Boualem Boashash,et al.  Algorithms for instantaneous frequency estimation: a comparative study , 1990 .

[9]  Boualem Boashash,et al.  Use of the cross Wigner-Ville distribution for estimation of instantaneous frequency , 1993, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[10]  Douglas L. Jones,et al.  A high resolution data-adaptive time-frequency representation , 1990, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[11]  L. Griffiths.  Rapid measurement of digital instantaneous frequency , 1975 .

[12]  Douglas L. Jones,et al.  A simple scheme for adapting time-frequency representations , 1994, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[13]  Stephen J. Searle,et al.  The estimation and HMM tracking of weak narrowband signals , 1994, Proceedings of ICASSP '94. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing.

[14]  H. Elliott,et al.  Aspects of dynamic programming in signal and image processing , 1981 .

[15]  William J. Williams,et al.  Uncertainty, information, and time-frequency distributions , 1991, Optics & Photonics.

[16]  R. Wiggins.  Minimum entropy deconvolution , 1978 .

[17]  Steven Kay.  Statistically/computationally efficient frequency estimation , 1988, ICASSP-88., International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.