An Inconvenient Truth: the invisibility of Women in ICT

This paper presents research findings from an Australian Faculty of Information and Communication Technology (FICT) against a backdrop of declining interest amongst women in courses and careers in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). It poses the question of why research conversations around women in ICT are still pedagogically ignored, even after over twenty years of gender research and projects. In reporting the findings of this research project it seeks an understanding of and remedy for the steep decline of interest and uptake of ICT places at tertiary institutions in Australia, particularly amongst young women. In addition to understanding gender differences in educational motivation and performance, and appreciating the challenges posed to ICT education, readers must also be cognisant of the steep decline of interest in careers in ICT in general.

[1]  Sue Lewis,et al.  Masculinity and the culture of engineering , 1997 .

[2]  Karen Bradley,et al.  A Matter of Degrees: Female Underrepresentation in Computer Science Programs Cross-Nationally , 2006 .

[3]  John Head Gender Identity and Cognitive Style , 2003 .

[4]  Deborah Jones Disappearing Acts: Gender, Power, and Relational Practice at Work , 2000 .

[5]  A. Bandura Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control , 1997, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy.

[6]  Patricia Murphy,et al.  Gendered experiences, choices and achievement – exploring the links , 1998 .

[7]  A. Davies,et al.  Shaping Women's Work: Gender, Employment and Information Technology , 2001 .

[8]  Allan Fisher,et al.  Unlocking the Clubhouse : Women in Computing by Allan Fisher , 2015 .

[9]  S. Clegg,et al.  Not just for men: A case study of the teaching and learning of information technology in higher education , 2000 .

[10]  Marcia C. Linn,et al.  Previous Experience and the Learning of Computer Programming: The Computer Helps Those Who Help Themselves , 1988 .

[11]  J. Wajcman Feminism Confronts Technology , 1991 .

[12]  Mary Crawford,et al.  Gender in the college classroom: An assessment of the “chilly climate” for women , 1990 .

[13]  Jacquelynne S. Eccles,et al.  Motivation to succeed. , 1998 .

[14]  Jeria L. Quesenberry Encyclopedia of Gender and Information Technology , 2007 .

[15]  B. Segre,et al.  Education at a glance. OECD Indicators 1997 , 1998 .

[16]  N. Sadik Education of girls. , 1993, Integration.

[17]  Joan Solomon,et al.  STS education : international perspectives on reform , 1994 .

[18]  K. Mahony,et al.  Mathematical Formalism as a Means of Occupational Closure in Computing — why ‘hard’ computing tends to exclude women , 1990 .

[19]  Hamish Coates,et al.  Analysis of equity groups in higher education 1991-2002 , 2004 .

[20]  Allen C. Bluedorn,et al.  Men and Women of the Corporation , 1978 .

[21]  A. Rustichini,et al.  Performance in Competitive Environments: Gender Differences , 2003 .

[22]  Joan Acker HIERARCHIES, JOBS, BODIES: , 1990 .

[23]  Claus J. Tully Informal education by computer - ways to computer knowledge , 1996, Comput. Educ..

[24]  J. McLeod,et al.  Factors Influencing the Educational Performance of Males and Females in School and Their Initial Destinations After Leaving School , 2000 .

[25]  Judy McKay,et al.  The next wave of gender projects in IT curriculum teaching at universities , 2006 .

[26]  R. Collier Masculinities , 2002 .

[27]  William Aspray,et al.  A Critical Review of the Research on Women's Participation in Postsecondary Computing Education , 2008 .

[28]  Judy McKay,et al.  Seven factors that influence ICT student achievement , 2007, ITiCSE '07.

[29]  Elizabeth Whitelegg,et al.  Girls in the physics classroom: a review of the research on the participation of girls in physics , 2006 .

[30]  Alison Adam,et al.  A Decade of Neglect: Reflecting on Gender and IS , 2004 .

[31]  Patricia Murphy,et al.  Equity in the Classroom: Towards Effective Pedagogy for Girls and Boys , 1996 .

[32]  Denise Meredyth,et al.  Real Time: Computers,Change and Schooling , 1999 .

[33]  Flis Henwood,et al.  WISE Choices? Understanding Occupational Decision-making in a Climate of Equal Opportunities for Women in Science and Technology , 1996 .

[34]  Judy McKay,et al.  IT courses: the re-emergence of IT as a 'boys' subject area , 2005 .

[35]  P. Ramsden Learning to lead in higher education , 1991 .

[36]  J. Eveline The politics of advantage , 1994 .

[37]  Jo Boaler,et al.  Experiencing School Mathematics: Teaching Styles, Sex, and Setting , 1997 .

[38]  Carol S. Dweck,et al.  Motivational processes affecting learning. , 1986 .

[39]  Ros Harris Book Review: The Education of Girls: Policy, Research and the Question of Gender , 1994 .

[40]  William Aspray,et al.  The State of Research on Girls and IT , 2008 .

[41]  Catherine C. Eckel,et al.  Forecasting Risk Attitudes: An Experimental Study Using Actual and Forecast Gamble Choices , 2008 .

[42]  Karen Littleton Girls and Information Technology , 2003 .

[43]  Bernice R. Sandler,et al.  The Chilly Classroom Climate: A Guide to Improve the Education of Women. , 1996 .

[44]  B. Campbell Men and Women of the Corporation , 1978 .

[45]  Susan Faludi,et al.  Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women , 1991 .

[46]  Alan Durndell,et al.  Gender and computing: persisting differences , 1995 .

[47]  Michael E. Martinez,et al.  Computer Competence: The First National Assessment , 1988 .