Toward a Hydrogen-Based Transportation System

Effectively addressing concerns about air pollution (especially health impacts of small particle air pollution), climate change, and oil supply insecurity requires radical changes in automotive engine/fuel technologies in directions that offer both the potential for achieving near-zero emissions of air pollutant and greenhouse gases and a diversification of the transport fuel system away from its present exclusive dependence on petroleum. This paper explores alternative technological options for achieving a transportation system in the long term with such characteristics. A number of engine/fuel options are considered, including variously fueled internal combustion engine/hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. The focus is on hydrogen used in fuel cell vehicles, an option that is found to have the lowest full fuel cycle environmental damage cost and potentially competitive lifecycle cost.

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