Recent developments in plastic forming technology of titanium alloys

Titanium alloys have been used extensively in industry fields including aviation, aerospace and automobile due to their excellent comprehensive properties. Research and development of advanced plastic forming technology are of great importance to manufacturing titanium products of high performance and lightweight with low cost and short cycle. This paper analyzes the development tendencies of titanium alloy forming technology. Recent achievements in precision forming, microstructure control and multi-scale simulation of titanium alloys are reviewed. The forming techniques of large-sale integral complex components are presented.

[1]  Terence G. Langdon,et al.  The fundamentals of nanostructured materials processed by severe plastic deformation , 2004 .

[2]  Di Zhang,et al.  Hot deformation behavior and microstructure evaluation of hydrogenated Ti-6Al-4V matrix composite , 2009 .

[3]  V. K. Portnoi,et al.  Analysis of the SPF of a titanium alloy at lower temperatures , 2005 .

[4]  Di Zhang,et al.  Effect of hydrogen on superplastic deformation of (TiB + TiC)/Ti–6Al–4V composite , 2009 .

[5]  S. Omanovic,et al.  Comparative effect of grain size and texture on the corrosion behaviour of commercially pure titanium processed by equal channel angular pressing , 2009 .

[6]  Jing Liu,et al.  Establishment of a 3D FE model for the bending of a titanium alloy tube , 2010 .

[7]  He Yang,et al.  Microstructure and mechanical properties of TA15 titanium alloy under multi-step local loading forming , 2009 .

[8]  Y. Lu,et al.  Microstructural evolution of a Ti-4.5Al-3Mo-1V alloy during hot working , 2006 .

[9]  Somnath Ghosh,et al.  A size-dependent crystal plasticity finite-element model for creep and load shedding in polycrystalline titanium alloys , 2007 .

[10]  N. Tsuji,et al.  Microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial purity titanium severely deformed by ARB process , 2007 .

[11]  J. Mendez,et al.  Slip and fatigue crack formation processes in an α/β titanium alloy in relation to crystallographic texture on different scales , 2008 .

[12]  R. Valiev,et al.  The effect of equal-channel angular pressing on the structure and mechanical behavior of Ti–6Al–4V alloy , 2004 .

[13]  S. Debin,et al.  Deformation history and the resultant microstructure and texture in backward tube spinning of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V , 2009 .

[14]  Liu Yuli,et al.  Influence of dynamic boundary conditions on preform design for deformation uniformity in backward simulation , 2008 .

[15]  F. Wagner,et al.  Texture evolution during grain growth in recrystallized commercially-pure titanium , 2005 .

[16]  He Yang,et al.  Analysis of local loading forming for titanium-alloy T-shaped components using slab method , 2010 .

[17]  Michael A. Groeber,et al.  Grain Level Dwell Fatigue Crack Nucleation Model for Ti Alloys Using Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Analysis , 2009 .

[18]  S. Semiatin,et al.  Effect of deformation twinning on microstructure and texture evolution during cold rolling of CP-titanium , 2005 .

[19]  M. Fu,et al.  Maximum m superplasticity deformation for Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy , 2007 .

[20]  F. Froes,et al.  Hydrogen as a temporary alloying element in titanium alloys: thermohydrogen processing , 2004 .

[21]  Cecil Armstrong,et al.  Evaluating the effect of press and die elasticity in forging of aerofoil sections using finite element simulation , 2006 .

[22]  Hugh Shercliff,et al.  Microstructural modelling in metals processing , 2002 .

[23]  L. Tabourot,et al.  Experimental and numerical analysis of the forming process of a CP titanium scoliotic instrumentation , 2008 .

[24]  S. Suwas,et al.  Study of texture evolution in metastable β-Ti alloy as a function of strain path and its effect on α transformation texture , 2009 .

[25]  D. McDowell,et al.  A three-dimensional crystal plasticity model for duplex Ti–6Al–4V , 2007 .

[26]  S. Malysheva,et al.  Structure and density of submicrocrystalline titanium produced by severe plastic deformation , 1999 .

[27]  Zhichao Sun,et al.  Effect of deformation inhomogeneity on the microstructure and mechanical properties of large-scale rib–web component of titanium alloy under local loading forming , 2010 .

[28]  Yanjun Li,et al.  Microstructure evolution of commercial pure titanium during equal channel angular pressing , 2010 .

[29]  Somnath Ghosh,et al.  Microstructural parameters affecting creep induced load shedding in Ti-6242 by a size dependent crystal plasticity FE model , 2008 .

[30]  S. Semiatin,et al.  Microstructure development during equal-channel angular pressing of titanium , 2003 .

[31]  T. Bieler,et al.  Overview of constitutive laws, kinematics, homogenization and multiscale methods in crystal plasticity finite-element modeling: Theory, experiments, applications , 2010 .

[32]  Miaoquan Li,et al.  Effect of the strain on processing maps of titanium alloys in isothermal compression , 2009 .

[33]  L. Geng,et al.  Hot working of Ti–6Al–3Mo–2Zr–0.3Si alloy with lamellar α + β starting structure using processing map , 2009 .

[34]  Hongzhen Guo,et al.  Superplastic behaviour and microstructure evolution of a fine-grained TA15 titanium alloy , 2009 .

[35]  Brent L. Adams,et al.  Grain size and orientation distributions: Application to yielding of α-titanium , 2009 .

[36]  S. Semiatin,et al.  Effect of the size distribution of alpha particles on microstructure evolution during heat treatment of an alpha/beta titanium alloy , 2005 .

[37]  Hu Li,et al.  Coupled Thermal-mechanical FEM Analysis of Power Spinning of Titanium Alloy Thin-walled Shell , 2008 .

[38]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Effect of hydrogen on processing maps in isothermal compression of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy , 2009 .

[39]  M. Wang,et al.  Analysis of coupled mechanical and thermal behaviors in hot rolling of large rings of titanium alloy using 3D dynamic explicit FEM , 2009 .

[40]  Ming Jen Tan,et al.  Applications of superplastic forming and diffusion bonding to hollow engine blades , 2000 .

[41]  A. Salem,et al.  The Effect of Preheat Temperature and Inter-Pass Reheating on Microstructure and Texture Evolution During Hot Rolling of Ti-6Al-4V (Preprint) , 2008 .

[42]  M. Jahazi,et al.  Recrystallization during Thermomechanical Processing of IMI834 , 2008 .

[43]  W. Xu,et al.  Nanocrystalline body-centred cubic beta-titanium alloy processed by high-pressure torsion , 2009 .

[44]  P. Comley.  Multi-rate Superplastic Forming of Fine Grain Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy , 2007 .

[45]  F. Yin,et al.  Role of deformation twin on texture evolution in cold-rolled commercial-purity Ti , 2008 .

[46]  C. Leyens,et al.  Titanium and titanium alloys : fundamentals and applications , 2005 .

[47]  Y. Im,et al.  Finite element investigation of equal channel angular extrusion with back pressure , 2006 .

[48]  Guan Qiao.  Technology of hydrogen treatment for titanium alloy and its application prospect , 2003 .

[49]  K. Xue,et al.  Flow behavior and microstructure evolution of TB8 alloy during hot deformation process , 2007 .

[50]  Zhichao Sun,et al.  3D coupled thermo-mechanical FE modeling of blank size effects on the uniformity of strain and temperature distributions during hot rolling of titanium alloy large rings , 2008 .

[51]  Jingwei Zhao,et al.  Influence of hydrogen content on hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of Ti600 alloy , 2010 .

[52]  K. Kurzydłowski,et al.  Fabrication of Nanostructured Materials by Hydrostatic Extrusion: Advantages and Limitations , 2007 .

[53]  D. McDowell,et al.  Microstructure-based crystal plasticity modeling of cyclic deformation of Ti–6Al–4V , 2007 .

[54]  R. Valiev,et al.  Strength and fatigue properties enhancement in ultrafine-grained Ti produced by severe plastic deformation , 2008, Journal of Materials Science.

[55]  Yong-Taek Im,et al.  Finite element analysis of plastic deformation of CP-Ti by multi-pass equal channel angular extrusion at medium hot-working temperature , 2007 .

[56]  Surya R. Kalidindi,et al.  Prediction of crystallographic texture evolution and anisotropic stress–strain curves during large plastic strains in high purity α-titanium using a Taylor-type crystal plasticity model , 2007 .

[57]  S. Leen,et al.  A superplastic forming limit diagram concept for Ti-6Al-4V , 2007 .

[58]  S. Semiatin,et al.  Monte Carlo modeling of microstructure evolution during the static recrystallization of cold-rolled, commercial-purity titanium , 2006 .

[59]  V. Stolyarov,et al.  Influence of post-deformation on CP-Ti processed by equal channel angular pressing , 2008 .

[60]  Ė. Martin,et al.  Influence of microstructure and texture on the corrosion and tribocorrosion behavior of Ti–6Al–4V , 2010 .

[61]  R. Valiev,et al.  Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement , 2006 .

[62]  W. Zeng,et al.  Dynamic globularization kinetics during hot working of Ti-17 alloy with initial lamellar microstructure , 2010 .

[63]  S. Semiatin,et al.  Hot working of Ti-6Al-4V via equal channel angular extrusion , 1999 .

[64]  Miaoquan Li,et al.  Application of Thermohydrogen Processing for Formation of Ultrafine Equiaxed Grains in Near α Ti600 Alloy , 2009 .

[65]  B. Poorganji,et al.  Microstructure evolution during deformation of a near-α titanium alloy with different initial structures in the two-phase region , 2009 .

[66]  Jin Wang,et al.  An investigation of the origin of the superplasticity of cast TiAl alloys , 2006 .

[67]  Surya R. Kalidindi,et al.  Strain hardening due to deformation twinning in α-titanium : Constitutive relations and crystal-plasticity modeling , 2005 .

[68]  Miaoquan Li,et al.  Effect of 0.16 wt% hydrogen addition on high temperature deformation behavior of the Ti600 titanium alloy , 2009 .

[69]  Larry D. Hefti.  Innovations in the Superplastic Forming and Diffusion Bonded Process , 2008 .

[70]  Hui Li,et al.  Characteristics of hot compression behavior of Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si alloy with an equiaxed microstructure , 2009 .

[71]  Zhichao Sun,et al.  Dynamic explicit FE modeling of hot ring rolling process , 2006 .

[72]  S. L. Semiatin,et al.  The effect of material properties and tooling design on deformation and fracture during equal channel angular extrusion , 2000 .

[73]  L. Hefti.  Advances in fabricating superplastically formed and diffusion bonded components for aerospace structures , 2004 .

[74]  B. Guo,et al.  Effect of 0.3 wt%H addition on the high temperature deformation behaviors of Ti–6Al–4V alloy , 2007 .

[75]  S. Jonsson,et al.  Microstructure and texture evolution of commercial pure titanium deformed at elevated temperatures , 2009 .

[76]  Richard Dashwood,et al.  Thermomechanical processing of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr , 2008 .

[77]  Jiao Luo,et al.  Constitutive model for high temperature deformation of titanium alloys using internal state variables , 2010 .

[78]  Y. Im,et al.  Design guideline of multi-pass equal channel angular extrusion for uniform strain distribution , 2007 .

[79]  T. Raghu,et al.  Advanced superplastic forming and diffusion bonding of titanium alloy , 2006 .

[80]  H. Maier,et al.  Mechanical and wear properties of ultrafine-grained pure Ti produced by multi-pass equal-channel angular extrusion , 2009 .

[81]  Duan Hua.  Microstructure evolution and numerical simulation of TA15 titanium alloy during hot compressive deformation , 2008 .

[82]  T. C. Lindley,et al.  Effect of microtexture on fatigue cracking in Ti–6Al–4V , 2007 .

[83]  G. Wang,et al.  Effects of hot compression and heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile property of Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si alloy , 2008 .

[84]  M. Ramulu,et al.  Examination of superplastic forming combined with diffusion bonding for titanium: Perspective from experience , 2004 .

[85]  Hua Ding,et al.  Influence of thermo hydrogen treatment on hot deformation behavior of Ti600 alloy , 2009 .

[86]  Chong Soo Lee,et al.  Effects of equal channel angular pressing temperature on deformation structures of pure Ti , 2003 .

[87]  M. Fu,et al.  Study on the maximum m superplasticity deformation of Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si alloy , 2009 .

[88]  Philippe Bocher,et al.  Texture heterogeneities induced by subtransus processing of near α titanium alloys , 2008 .

[89]  W. Evans,et al.  The effect of microstructure and texture on mechanical properties of Ti6-4 , 2009 .

[90]  Miaoquan Li,et al.  High temperature deformation behavior of a near alpha Ti600 titanium alloy , 2008 .

[91]  Y. Hu,et al.  Modeling of constitutive relationships and microstructural variables of Ti-6.62Al-5.14Sn-1.82Zr alloy during high temperature deformation , 2008 .

[92]  Cecil Armstrong,et al.  Die shape optimisation in forging of aerofoil sections , 2001 .

[93]  He Yang,et al.  Backward tracing simulation of precision forging process for blade based on 3D FEM , 2006 .

[94]  Debin Shan,et al.  Effect of spinning deformation on microstructure evolution and mechanical property of TA15 titanium alloy , 2007 .

[95]  H. Wenk,et al.  Microstructure and microtexture of highly cold-rolled commercially pure titanium , 2007 .

[96]  D. Raabe,et al.  Texture inhomogeneity in a Ti–Nb-based β-titanium alloy after warm rolling and recrystallization , 2008 .

[97]  M. Jackson,et al.  The evolution of microtexture and macrotexture during subtransus forging of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al , 2008 .

[98]  Xiaolin Li,et al.  A set of microstructure-based constitutive equations in hot forming of a titanium alloy , 2006 .

[99]  K. Kurzydłowski,et al.  Nanocrystalline titanium produced by hydrostatic extrusion , 2008 .

[100]  R. Valiev,et al.  Microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium (Grade 4) processed by high-pressure torsion , 2008 .

[101]  P. Wanjara,et al.  Influence of thermomechanical processing on microstructural evolution in near-α alloy IMI834 , 2006 .

[102]  S. H. Zhang,et al.  Hydrogen-induced hardening and softening of a β-titanium alloy , 2009 .

[103]  J. Walmsley,et al.  Deformation Structures of Pure Titanium during Shear Deformation , 2010 .

[104]  Fuh-Kuo Chen,et al.  Stamping formability of pure titanium sheets , 2005 .

[105]  Bin Guo,et al.  The effect of hydrogen on the strengthening and softening of Ti–6Al–4V alloy , 2008 .

[106]  Philippe Bocher,et al.  Analysis of sharp microtexture heterogeneities in a bimodal IMI 834 billet , 2005 .

[107]  K. Edalati,et al.  九州大学学術情報リポジトリ Kyushu University Institutional Repository Processing Pure Ti by High-Pressure Torsion in Wide Ranges of Pressures and Strain , 2022 .

[108]  Chun‐Sing Lee,et al.  Ring-rolling design for a large-scale ring product of Ti-6Al-4V alloy , 2007 .

[109]  David L. McDowell,et al.  Crystal plasticity modeling of slip activity in Ti–6Al–4V under high cycle fatigue loading , 2009 .

[110]  Ho Sung Lee,et al.  A study on diffusion bonding of superplastic Ti-6Al-4V ELI grade , 2007 .

[111]  D. McDowell,et al.  Simulation of slip band evolution in duplex Ti―6Al―4V , 2010 .

[112]  M. Tan,et al.  Cavitation phenomenon of commercially pure titanium , 2007 .

[113]  Zhichao Sun,et al.  FORMING QUALITY OF TITANIUM ALLOY LARGE- SCALE INTEGRAL COMPONENTS ISOTHERMAL LOCAL LOADING , 2009 .

[114]  F. Wagner,et al.  Evolution of recrystallisation texture and microstructure in low alloyed titanium sheets , 2002 .

[115]  X. Li,et al.  Optimization of β/near-β forging process parameters of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si by using processing maps , 2009 .

[116]  S. Semiatin,et al.  Alpha/Beta Heat Treatment of a Titanium Alloy with a Nonuniform Microstructure , 2007 .

[117]  W. Evans,et al.  Impact of texture on mechanical properties in an advanced titanium alloy , 2001 .

[118]  Mei Zhan,et al.  Coupling effects of material properties and the bending angle on the springback angle of a titanium alloy tube during numerically controlled bending , 2010 .

[119]  Cecil Armstrong,et al.  An FE simulation and optimisation approach for the forging of aeroengine components , 2004 .

[120]  W. Evans,et al.  The effects of texture in titanium alloys for engineering components under fatigue , 2001 .

[121]  WU Yue-jiang,et al.  Advances in control of unequal deformation by locally loading and theories related to precision plastic forming , 2008 .

[122]  H. Lee,et al.  Prediction of blow forming profile of spherical titanium tank , 2007 .

[123]  R. Valiev,et al.  Influence of temperature and hydrostatic pressure during equal-channel angular pressing on the microstructure of commercial-purity Ti , 2004 .

[124]  Y. Chino,et al.  Improvement of stretch formability of pure titanium sheet by differential speed rolling , 2010 .

[125]  Cecil Armstrong,et al.  Die Shape Compensation in Hot Forging of Titanium Aerofoil Sections , 2002 .

[126]  Shaoqun Zeng,et al.  The key technology and realization of virtual ring rolling , 2007 .

[127]  F. Froes,et al.  Development of Ti–6Al–4V sheet with low temperature superplastic properties , 2001 .

[128]  D. Shan,et al.  Flow softening and microstructural evolution of TC11 titanium alloy during hot deformation , 2009 .

[129]  W. Evans,et al.  Texture effects under tension and torsion loading conditions in titanium alloys , 2005 .

[130]  He Yang,et al.  A numerical model based on internal-state-variable method for the microstructure evolution during hot-working process of TA15 titanium alloy , 2010 .

[131]  Miaoquan Li,et al.  Effect of hydrogenation content on high temperature deformation behavior of Ti–6Al–4V alloy in isothermal compression , 2008 .

[132]  Zhichao Sun,et al.  Effects and Optimization of Roll Sizes in Hot Rolling of Large Rings of Titanium Alloy , 2009 .

[133]  Di Zhang,et al.  Microstructure evolution of near-α titanium alloys during thermomechanical processing , 2006 .

[134]  P. Lacki,et al.  Forming of the titanium elements by bending , 2011 .

[135]  Surya R. Kalidindi,et al.  Modeling Anisotropic Stress-Strain Response and Crystallographic Texture Evolution in α-Titanium during Large Plastic Deformation using Taylor-Type Models: Influence of Initial Texture and Purity , 2008 .

[136]  Hong-wu Song,et al.  Dynamic globularization kinetics during hot working of a two phase titanium alloy with a colony alpha microstructure , 2009 .

[137]  Zhengxiao Guo,et al.  Microstructural evolution of a Ti–6Al–4V alloy during β-phase processing: experimental and simulative investigations , 2004 .