Mycotoxins - Their Biosynthesis in Fungi: Ergot Alkaloids.

Biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids is discussed from the standpoint of biosynthetic precursors and intermediates as well as known biosynthetic mechanisms. Emphasis is given to work concerning regulation of alkaloid production, including the role of tryptophan as an inducer of alkaloid synthesis. A postulation is proposed to explain the significance of induction in terms of evolution and survival of the organism which also takes into account the finding that the biosynthesis of tryptophan is under regulatory control in the fungal strain which was investigated. Recent studies using protoplasts of ergot have also shown that endproduct regulation of alkaloid synthesis may be a significant phenomenon.

[1]  D. F. Mann,et al.  Purification and properties of anthranilate synthetase from the ergot fungus, Claviceps spec., strain SD 58. , 1977, Lloydia.

[2]  H. Floss,et al.  Ergolines as potential prolactin and mammary tumor inhibitors. , 1977, Lloydia.

[3]  L. Caporael,et al.  Ergotism: the satan loosed in Salem? , 1976, Science.

[4]  J. E. Robbers,et al.  Physiological study of ergot: induction of alkaloid synthesis by tryptophan at the enzymatic level , 1976, Journal of bacteriology.

[5]  H. Floss.  Biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids and related compounds , 1976 .

[6]  A. Goldstein,et al.  Purification and properties , 1975 .

[7]  G. Blair,et al.  Biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids. Studies on the mechanism of the conversion of chanoclavin-I into tetracyclic ergolines. , 1974, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[8]  J. E. Robbers,et al.  Influence of ergot alkaloids on pituitary prolactin and prolactin-dependent processes. , 1973, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[9]  L. Robertson,et al.  Physiological Studies on Ergot: Further Studies on the Induction of Alkaloid Synthesis by Tryptophan and Its Inhibition by Phosphate , 1972, Journal of bacteriology.

[10]  H. Floss,et al.  Isolation of dimethylallylpyrophosphate: tryptophan dimethylallyl transferase from the rgot fungus (Claviceps spec.). , 1971, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[11]  W. Maier,et al.  Zur Biosynthese von Ergotoxinalkaloiden in Claviceps purpurea , 1971 .

[12]  L. Vining.  Effect of tryptophan on alkaloid biosynthesis in cultures of a Claviceps species. , 1970, Canadian journal of microbiology.

[13]  J. E. Robbers,et al.  Physiological studies on ergot: Influence of 5-methyltryptophan on alkaloid biosynthesis and the incorporation of tryptophan analogs into protein. , 1970, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[14]  F. Bové.  The story of ergot. , 1970 .

[15]  W. Kelleher.  Ergot alkaloid fermentations. , 1969, Advances in applied microbiology.

[16]  H. Floss,et al.  Biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids. Evidence for two isomerizations in the isoprenoid moiety during the formation of tetracyclic ergolines. , 1968, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[17]  J. E. Robbers,et al.  Biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids: formation of 4-dimethylallyltryptophan by the ergot fungus. , 1968, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[18]  J. Lindgren,et al.  Natural occurrence of 4-dimethylallyltryptophan-an ergot alkloid precursor. , 1968, Tetrahedron letters.

[19]  H. Floss,et al.  Chanoclavines and the biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids , 1967 .

[20]  H. Floss,et al.  Biosynthese der Mutterkornalkaloide. Einbau von Chanoclavin-I in Ergolin-Derivate , 1966 .

[21]  D. Arigoni,et al.  The role of the chanoclavines in the biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids , 1966 .

[22]  S. I. Kandel,et al.  BIOSYNTHESIS OF ERGOT ALKALOIDS. THE ORIGIN OF THE N-METHYL GROUP , 1964 .

[23]  K. Winkler,et al.  Über die umwandlung von elymoclavin in lysergsäurederivate durch mutterkornpilze (claviceps) , 1962 .

[24]  J. Bu’lock,et al.  Intermediary metabolism and antibiotic synthesis. , 1961, Advances in applied microbiology.

[25]  W. A. Taber,et al.  SOME ASPECTS OF PHOSPHATE METABOLISM OF CLAVICEPS PURPUREA (FR.) TUL. , 1960 .

[26]  E. H. Taylor,et al.  Biogenesis of Lysergic Acid in Ergot , 1960, Nature.

[27]  F. Weygand,et al.  Über den Einbau von Mevalonsäure in das Ergolinsystem der Clavin-Alkaloide , 1960 .

[28]  S. I. Kandel,et al.  Biosynthesis of Ergot Alkaloids , 1960, Nature.

[29]  F. Weygand,et al.  Untersuchungen zur Biosynthese der Mutterkorn-Alkaloide , 1958 .