Contary to duty obligations - A study in legal entology

In this paper the problems in deontic logic around contrary to duty obliga- tions are used to conduct a study in basic normative ontology. Three causes of the problems around contrary to duty obligations are identified, that is 1) the attempt to analyze obligations in terms of what is ideally the case, 2) the application of deontic inheritance to the presuppositions of obligations, and 3) the failure to distinguish be- tween what will be called 'inclusive' and 'exclusive ought-to-do'. These three causes are all attributed to insufficient distinctions on the ontological level.