Crystal-variant-based modeling of relaxor single crystals

Rhombohedral relaxor single crystals are a class of materials that includes PZN-xPT and PMN-xPT in a certain range of compositions. This work presents an approach to predicting the physical properties of engineered domain state crystals. A model based on the properties of the crystal variants and volume averaging provides a method for determining a full set of the piezoelectric coefficients for the rhombohedral <111> single domain. The model suggests there is a large d15 and the existence of d16 for the <111> orientation cuts of PZN-PT and PMN-PT crystals. The approach has led to the identification of engineered domain states with properties optimized for specific applications such as the large transverse piezoelectric coefficients of the <110> orientation. This cut has optimal properties for actuator and sensor applications that utilize the transverse mode piezoelectric coupling coefficients (d31 and d32).

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