Continuum crowds

We present a real-time crowd model based on continuum dynamics. In our model, a dynamic potential field simultaneously integrates global navigation with moving obstacles such as other people, efficiently solving for the motion of large crowds without the need for explicit collision avoidance. Simulations created with our system run at interactive rates, demonstrate smooth flow under a variety of conditions, and naturally exhibit emergent phenomena that have been observed in real crowds.

[1]  Craig W. Reynolds.  Flocks, herds, and schools: a distributed behavioral model , 1987, SIGGRAPH.

[2]  泰義 横小路,et al.  IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation , 1992 .

[3]  Lynne E. Parker.  Designing control laws for cooperative agent teams , 1993, [1993] Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[4]  Demetri Terzopoulos,et al.  Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception, behavior , 1994, SIGGRAPH.

[5]  J. Tsitsiklis,et al.  Efficient algorithms for globally optimal trajectories , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 33rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[6]  Soraia Raupp Musse,et al.  A Model of Human Crowd Behavior : Group Inter-Relationship and Collision Detection Analysis , 1997, Computer Animation and Simulation.

[7]  David C. Brogan,et al.  Group Behaviors for Systems with Significant Dynamics , 1997, Auton. Robots.

[8]  Daniel Thalmann,et al.  Crowd modelling in collaborative virtual environments , 1998, VRST '98.

[9]  D. Helbing,et al.  Computer Simulations of Pedestrian Dynamics and Trail Formation , 1998, cond-mat/9805074.

[10]  John Funge,et al.  Cognitive modeling: knowledge, reasoning and planning for intelligent characters , 1999, SIGGRAPH.

[11]  Craig W. Reynolds.  Steering Behaviors For Autonomous Characters , 1999 .

[12]  Ronald Fedkiw,et al.  Visual simulation of smoke , 2001, SIGGRAPH.

[13]  Leonidas J. Guibas,et al.  Scalable nonlinear dynamical systems for agent steering and crowd simulation , 2001, Comput. Graph..

[14]  W. Burgard,et al.  Finding Solvable Priority Schemes for Decoupled Path Planning Techniques for Teams of Mobile Robots , 2001 .

[15]  Dirk Helbing,et al.  Self-Organizing Pedestrian Movement , 2001 .

[16]  Andreas Schadschneider,et al.  Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics , 2002 .

[17]  Roger L. Hughes,et al.  A continuum theory for the flow of pedestrians , 2002 .

[18]  Nancy M. Amato,et al.  Better Group Behaviors in Complex Environments using Global Roadmaps , 2002 .

[19]  Stanley Osher,et al.  Fast Sweeping Algorithms for a Class of Hamilton-Jacobi Equations , 2003, SIAM J. Numer. Anal..

[20]  R. Hughes.  The flow of human crowds , 2003 .

[21]  Céline Loscos,et al.  Intuitive crowd behavior in dense urban environments using local laws , 2003, Proceedings of Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics, 2003..

[22]  Tsai-Yen Li,et al.  Motion planning for a crowd of robots , 2003, 2003 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.03CH37422).

[23]  Roger L. Hughes,et al.  Mathematical modelling of a mediaeval battle: the Battle of Agincourt, 1415 , 2004, Math. Comput. Simul..

[24]  Mark H. Overmars,et al.  Eurographics/ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation (2004) , 2022 .

[25]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Reactive pedestrian path following from examples , 2004, The Visual Computer.

[26]  Michael Gleicher,et al.  Scalable behaviors for crowd simulation , 2004, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[27]  Stephen Chenney,et al.  Flow tiles , 2004, SCA '04.

[28]  Stéphane Donikian,et al.  Crowd of Virtual Humans: a New Approach for Real Time Navigation in Complex and Structured Environments , 2004, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[29]  Demetri Terzopoulos,et al.  Autonomous pedestrians , 2005, SCA '05.

[30]  N. Badler,et al.  Crowd simulation incorporating agent psychological models, roles and communication , 2005 .

[31]  R. Colombo,et al.  Pedestrian flows and non‐classical shocks , 2005 .

[32]  D. Thalmann,et al.  A navigation graph for real-time crowd animation on multilayered and uneven terrain , 2005 .

[33]  Lucas Kovar,et al.  Fast and accurate goal-directed motion synthesis for crowds , 2005, SCA '05.