Effect of hillslope position and manure application rates on the persistence of fecal source tracking indicators in an agricultural soil.

The influence of liquid dairy manure (LDM) application rates (12.5 and 25 kL ha) and soil type on the decay rates of library-independent fecal source tracking markers (host-associated and mitochondrial DNA) and persistent (>58 d) population structure was examined in a field study. The soils compared were an Aquic Haplorthod and a Typic Haplorthod in Nova Scotia, Canada, that differed according to landscape position and soil moisture regime. Soil type and LDM application rate did not influence decay rates (0.045-0.057 d). population structure, in terms of the occurrence of abundance of strain types, varied according to soil type ( = 0.012) but did not vary by LDM application rate ( = 0.121). Decay of ruminant-specific (BacR), bovine-specific (CowM2), and mitochondrial DNA (AcytB) markers was analyzed for 13 d after LDM application. The decay rates of BacR were greater under high-LDM application rates (0.281-0.358 d) versus low-LDM application rates (0.212-0.236 d) but were unaffected by soil type. No decay rates could be calculated for the CowM2 marker because it was undetectable within 6 d after manure application. Decay rates for AcytB were lower for the Aquic Haplorthod (0.088-0.100 d), with higher moisture status compared with the Typic Haplorthod (0.135 d). Further investigation into the decay of fecal source tracking indicators in agricultural field soils is warranted to assess the influence of soil type and agronomic practice on the differential decay of relevant markers and the likelihood of transport in runoff.

[1]  Dan Wang,et al.  Performance of forty-one microbial source tracking methods: a twenty-seven lab evaluation study. , 2013, Water research.

[2]  Orin C. Shanks,et al.  Comparison of PCR and quantitative real-time PCR methods for the characterization of ruminant and cattle fecal pollution sources. , 2013, Water research.

[3]  P. Baldrian,et al.  The Variability of the 16S rRNA Gene in Bacterial Genomes and Its Consequences for Bacterial Community Analyses , 2013, PloS one.

[4]  K. Liljebjelke,et al.  Evaluation of two quantitative PCR assays using Bacteroidales and mitochondrial DNA markers for tracking dog fecal contamination in waterbodies. , 2012, Journal of microbiological methods.

[5]  C. Yost,et al.  Persistence of host-associated Bacteroidales gene markers and their quantitative detection in an urban and agricultural mixed prairie watershed. , 2012, Water research.

[6]  S. Ishii,et al.  The population structure of Escherichia coli isolated from subtropical and temperate soils. , 2012, The Science of the total environment.

[7]  M. Hermansson,et al.  Decay of Bacteroidales genetic markers in relation to traditional fecal indicators for water quality modeling of drinking water sources. , 2012, Environmental science & technology.

[8]  Zhenli He,et al.  Survival of Escherichia coli in soil with modified microbial community composition , 2011 .

[9]  Orin C. Shanks,et al.  Decay of Bacterial Pathogens, Fecal Indicators, and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Genetic Markers in Manure-Amended Soils , 2011, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[10]  P. Roslev,et al.  State of the art molecular markers for fecal pollution source tracking in water , 2011, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[11]  C. Baker-Austin,et al.  Application of mitochondrial DNA analysis for microbial source tracking purposes in shellfish harvesting waters. , 2010, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[12]  S. Ishii,et al.  Factors controlling long-term survival and growth of naturalized Escherichia coli populations in temperate field soils. , 2010, Microbes and environments.

[13]  Daniel E. Williams,et al.  Factors influencing the persistence of fecal Bacteroides in stream water. , 2009, Journal of environmental quality.

[14]  J. Trevors,et al.  Repetitive element (REP)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of Escherichia coli isolates from recreational waters of southeastern Lake Huron. , 2009, Canadian journal of microbiology.

[15]  J. Ascher,et al.  Extracellular DNA in soil and sediment: fate and ecological relevance , 2009, Biology and Fertility of Soils.

[16]  B. Applegate,et al.  Environmental Controls on the Fate of Escherichia coli in Soil , 2008 .

[17]  Satoshi Ishii,et al.  Escherichia coli in the Environment: Implications for Water Quality and Human Health. , 2008, Microbes and environments.

[18]  Orin C. Shanks,et al.  Quantitative PCR for Detection and Enumeration of Genetic Markers of Bovine Fecal Pollution , 2007, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[19]  L. Sinton,et al.  Survival of Indicator and Pathogenic Bacteria in Bovine Feces on Pasture , 2007, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[20]  Katharine G Field,et al.  Fecal source tracking, the indicator paradigm, and managing water quality. , 2007, Water research.

[21]  Valerie J. Harwood,et al.  Performance, Design, and Analysis in Microbial Source Tracking Studies , 2007, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[22]  V. Harwood.  Assumptions and limitations associated with microbial source tracking methods. , 2007 .

[23]  R. Whitman,et al.  Examination of the Watershed-Wide Distribution of Escherichia coli along Southern Lake Michigan: an Integrated Approach , 2006, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[24]  A. Farnleitner,et al.  Quantitative PCR Method for Sensitive Detection of Ruminant Fecal Pollution in Freshwater and Evaluation of This Method in Alpine Karstic Regions , 2006, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[25]  D. Meals,et al.  Demonstration of methods to reduce E. coli runoff from dairy manure application sites. , 2006, Journal of environmental quality.

[26]  Michael J. Goss,et al.  Culturable Escherichia coli in Soil Mixed with Two Types of Manure , 2006 .

[27]  S. Ishii,et al.  Population structure, persistence, and seasonality of autochthonous Escherichia coli in temperate, coastal forest soil from a Great Lakes watershed. , 2006, Environmental microbiology.

[28]  S. Ishii,et al.  Presence and Growth of Naturalized Escherichia coli in Temperate Soils from Lake Superior Watersheds , 2006, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[29]  T. Whittam.  Clonal dynamics ofEscherichia coli in its natural habitat , 2006, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

[30]  T. Forge,et al.  Responses of grassland soil nematodes and protozoa to multi-year and single-year applications of dairy manure slurry and fertilizer , 2005 .

[31]  E. Topp,et al.  Identifying Host Sources of Fecal Pollution: Diversity of Escherichia coli in Confined Dairy and Swine Production Systems , 2005, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[32]  C. Gerba,et al.  Survival, Growth, and Regrowth of Enteric Indicator and Pathogenic Bacteria in Biosolids, Compost, Soil, and Land Applied Biosolids , 2005 .

[33]  Zebo Huang,et al.  Response of human cells to desiccation: comparison with hyperosmotic stress response , 2004, The Journal of physiology.

[34]  E. James,et al.  Assessment and Management of Watershed Microbial Contaminants , 2004 .

[35]  Jan LW Rademaker,et al.  Characterization of the diversity of ecologically important microbes by rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting. , 2004 .

[36]  E. Topp,et al.  Strain-dependent variability in growth and survival of Escherichia coli in agricultural soil. , 2003, FEMS microbiology ecology.

[37]  I. Svoboda,et al.  Fate of Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli O157 in soils and drainage water following cattle slurry application at 3 sites in southern Scotland , 2002 .

[38]  T. Roper,et al.  Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli Contamination of Root and Leaf Vegetables Grown in Soils with Incorporated Bovine Manure , 2002, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[39]  James R. Johnson,et al.  The genetic structure of Escherichia coli populations in primary and secondary habitats. , 2002, Microbiology.

[40]  R. Jamieson,et al.  Movement and persistence of fecal bacteria in agricultural soils and subsurface drainage water: A review , 2002 .

[41]  S. Ingham,et al.  Survival of faecal indicator bacteria in bovine manure incorporated into soil , 2001, Letters in applied microbiology.

[42]  J. Verhaegen,et al.  Survival of E. coli and Enterococcus spp. derived from pig slurry in soils of different texture , 2001 .

[43]  W. Ritter.  Nonpoint Source Pollution and Livestock Manure Management , 2001 .

[44]  Ø. Hammer,et al.  PAST: PALEONTOLOGICAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR EDUCATION AND DATA ANALYSIS , 2001 .

[45]  O. Clermont,et al.  Rapid and Simple Determination of theEscherichia coli Phylogenetic Group , 2000, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[46]  M. G. Lorenz,et al.  Mechanism of Retarded DNA Degradation and Prokaryotic Origin of DNases in Nonsterile Soils , 1997 .

[47]  Stuart R. Crane,et al.  Modeling enteric bacterial die-off: A review , 1986 .

[48]  J. Craven,et al.  Relationship of soil moisture to survival of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in soils , 1980 .