Stereoscopic viewing facilitates the perception of crowds

In this study the perception of crowds was investigated in urban environment. The images of crowds were viewed non-stereoscopically and stereoscopically with HMD (head-mounted display). The task of the participants was to count the number of persons in the crowds. The results clearly indicate that stereoscopic viewing enhances perception of crowds. The counting task was determined to be easiest with stereoscopic viewing, its error rate was significantly smaller and it was significantly preferred to non-stereoscopic viewing. The viewing method did not differ statistically with respect to the completion time.

[1]  Sergio A. Velastin,et al.  Crowd analysis: a survey , 2008, Machine Vision and Applications.

[2]  Paul Milgram,et al.  Positioning accuracy of a virtual stereographic pointer in a real stereoscopic video world , 1991, Electronic Imaging.

[3]  Ève Coste-Manière,et al.  Towards endoscopic augmented reality for robotically assisted minimally invasive cardiac surgery , 2001, Proceedings International Workshop on Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality.

[4]  S. Hart,et al.  Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research , 1988 .

[5]  Robert E. Cole,et al.  A rapid-sequential-positioning task for evaluating motion parallax and stereoscopic 3D cues in teleoperator displays , 1991, Conference Proceedings 1991 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[6]  Louahdi Khoudour,et al.  Real-time passenger counting in buses using dense stereovision , 2010, J. Electronic Imaging.

[7]  David Drascic,et al.  Skill Acquisition and Task Performance in Teleoperation Using Monoscopic and Stereoscopic Video Remote Viewing , 1991 .

[8]  K Nakayama,et al.  Stereoscopic Depth: Its Relation to Image Segmentation, Grouping, and the Recognition of Occluded Objects , 1989, Perception.

[9]  Colin Ware,et al.  Evaluating stereo and motion cues for visualizing information nets in three dimensions , 1996, TOGS.

[10]  Geoffrey S. Hubona,et al.  The relative contributions of stereo, lighting, and background scenes in promoting 3D depth visualization , 1999, TCHI.

[11]  William B. Thompson,et al.  Visual Cues for Perceiving Distances from Objects to Surfaces , 2002, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[12]  Liyuan Li,et al.  Stereo-based human head detection from crowd scenes , 2004, 2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04..