Spraying Light: Ambient‐Air Fabrication of Large‐Area Emissive Devices on Complex‐Shaped Surfaces

Light-emitting electrochemical cells, featuring uniform and efficient light emission over areas of 200 cm(2) , are fabricated under ambient air with a for-the-purpose developed "spray-sintering" process. This fault-tolerant fabrication technique can also produce multicolored emission patterns via sequential deposition of different inks based on identical solvents. Significantly, additive spray-sintering using a mobile airbrush allows a straightforward addition of emissive function onto a wide variety of complex-shaped surfaces, as exemplified by the realization of a light-emitting kitchenware fork.

[1]  R. N. Marks,et al.  Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers , 1990, Nature.

[2]  J. Léger.  Organic Electronics: The Ions Have It , 2008 .

[3]  Jeffrey L. Blackburn,et al.  Ultrasmooth, Large‐Area, High‐Uniformity, Conductive Transparent Single‐Walled‐Carbon‐Nanotube Films for Photovoltaics Produced by Ultrasonic Spraying , 2009 .

[4]  C. Tang,et al.  Organic Electroluminescent Diodes , 1987 .

[5]  Mariya Aleksandrova.  Improvement of the electrical characteristics of polymer electroluminescent structures by using spray-coating technology , 2012, Journal of Coatings Technology and Research.

[6]  Qibing Pei,et al.  Stabilizing the Dynamic p−i−n Junction in Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells , 2011 .

[7]  Zhibin Yu,et al.  Elastomeric polymer light-emitting devices and displays , 2013, Nature Photonics.

[8]  Hisato Yamaguchi,et al.  Graphene and mobile ions: the key to all-plastic, solution-processed light-emitting devices. , 2010, ACS nano.

[9]  Gregor Schwartz,et al.  White organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent tube efficiency , 2009, Nature.

[10]  James R. Sheats,et al.  Manufacturing and commercialization issues in organic electronics , 2004 .

[11]  A J Heeger,et al.  Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells , 1995, Science.

[12]  Yang Yang,et al.  Multi-source/component spray coating for polymer solar cells. , 2010, ACS nano.

[13]  A. L. Dyer,et al.  Completing the color palette with spray-processable polymer electrochromics. , 2011, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[14]  P. Lugli,et al.  Successive Spray Deposition of P3HT/PCBM Organic Photoactive Layers: Material Composition and Device Characteristics , 2012 .

[15]  George G. Malliaras,et al.  Electroluminescent devices from ionic transition metal complexes , 2007 .

[16]  R. Janssen,et al.  A unifying model for the operation of light-emitting electrochemical cells. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[17]  Paolo Lugli,et al.  Spray deposition of organic semiconducting thin-films: Towards the fabrication of arbitrary shaped organic electronic devices , 2010 .

[18]  G. Hernández-Sosa,et al.  The role of the polymer solid electrolyte molecular weight in light-emitting electrochemical cells , 2013 .

[19]  J. M. Junquera-Hernández,et al.  Efficient green-light-emitting electrochemical cells based on ionic iridium complexes with sulfone-containing cyclometalating ligands. , 2013, Chemistry.

[20]  L. Edman,et al.  Doping-Induced Self-Absorption in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells , 2014 .

[21]  F. Krebs,et al.  Roll‐to‐Roll fabrication of large area functional organic materials , 2013 .

[22]  Hai‐Ching Su,et al.  Extracting evolution of recombination zone position in sandwiched solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells by employing microcavity effect , 2013 .

[23]  D. Moses,et al.  Water/Methanol‐Soluble Conjugated Copolymer as an Electron‐Transport Layer in Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes , 2005 .

[24]  Frederik C. Krebs,et al.  Ambient fabrication of flexible and large-area organic light-emitting devices using slot-die coating , 2012, Nature Communications.

[25]  L. Edman,et al.  Encapsulating light-emitting electrochemical cells for improved performance , 2012 .

[26]  L. Edman,et al.  Quest for an Appropriate Electrolyte for High-Performance Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells , 2010 .

[27]  Hiroyuki Higuchi,et al.  High‐Performance, Flexible Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes Fabricated by a Continuous Polymer Coating Process , 2002 .

[28]  Donal D. C. Bradley,et al.  High performance, flexible polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) with gravure contact printed hole injection and light emitting layers , 2010 .

[29]  Q. Pei,et al.  Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells with Crown Ether as Solid Electrolyte , 1997 .