Addressing minimum energy consumption and minimum CO2 emission for Electric Mobility

In the view of the general use electric vehicle, totally pollution free during operation, the range extension over the autonomy allowed by the recommended and most effective overnight charge of the battery, should be considered according to the time required to get on board the appropriate energy for the accomplishment of the mission. Two streamlines are possible for vectoring energy to the vehicle in a totally clean mode, feed the traction system: the electricity and the hydrogen. The electricity is generally recognized as a vector showing the highest efficiency and the lowest CO2 production, with reference to the generation based on the mix of the European energy sources, including the renewable ones. A combination of these supply lines for a hybrid battery–fuel cell system is considered and the various aspects of the infrastructures is discussed with an analysis of the parameters impacting the energy transfer, the production of the hydrogen, the type of interfaces for the two lines of supply with respect to the above mentioned features. In particular, the infrastructural solution at the station consisting of electricity supply by magnetic field wireless power transfer and hydrogen produced by electrolysis or by natural gas reforming is considered. In the paper a trade-off scenario is discussed about the use of a Fuel Cell Hydrogen Electric Hybrid externally chargeable system with respect to the energy consumption and CO2 production, considering the double energy supply electricity and hydrogen.