PHARM--an interactive graphic program for individual and population pharmacokinetic parameter estimation.

This paper describes a new computer program PHARM to estimate individual or population pharmacokinetic parameters in nonlinear models. PHARM is an interactive program which uses graphic facilities to display data and results. The structural model can be defined using differential or integrated equations. The user can also define an error model associated with experimental data. The nonlinear mixed effect model is used to estimate the mean population parameters and their interindividual variability. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian criteria are used to estimate simultaneously the error and structural model parameters.

[1]  C Gomeni,et al.  IGPHARM: interactive graphic package for pharmacokinetic analysis. , 1978, Computers and biomedical research, an international journal.

[2]  Peter Veng Pedersen,et al.  Curve fitting and modeling in pharmacokinetics and some practical experiences with NONLIN and a new program FUNFIT , 1977, Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics.

[3]  E Ackerman,et al.  A function minimization computer package (MFIT) for nonlinear parameter estimation providing readily accessible maximum likelihood estimates. , 1978, Computers and biomedical research, an international journal.

[4]  L. Sheiner,et al.  Modelling of individual pharmacokinetics for computer-aided drug dosage. , 1972, Computers and biomedical research, an international journal.

[5]  Lewis B. Sheiner,et al.  Evaluation of methods for estimating population pharmacokinetic parameters. I. Michaelis-menten model: Routine clinical pharmacokinetic data , 1980, Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics.

[6]  Norman R. Draper,et al.  Applied regression analysis (2. ed.) , 1981, Wiley series in probability and mathematical statistics.

[7]  S. Z. Langer,et al.  Differential inhibition of vascular smooth muscle responses to alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists by diltiazem and verapamil. , 1983, Circulation research.

[8]  G. Schwarz Estimating the Dimension of a Model , 1978 .

[9]  A Schumitzky,et al.  A program package for simulation and parameter estimation in pharmacokinetic systems. , 1979, Computer programs in biomedicine.

[10]  E. Fehlberg,et al.  Low-order classical Runge-Kutta formulas with stepsize control and their application to some heat transfer problems , 1969 .

[11]  M. J. D. Powell,et al.  An efficient method for finding the minimum of a function of several variables without calculating derivatives , 1964, Comput. J..

[12]  C Gomeni,et al.  A conversational graphic program for the analysis of the sigmoid curve. , 1980, Computers and biomedical research, an international journal.

[13]  H. A. Watts,et al.  Solving Nonstiff Ordinary Differential Equations—The State of the Art , 1976 .

[14]  C Gomeni,et al.  AUTOMOD: a polyalgorithm for an integrated analysis of linear pharmacokinetic models. , 1979, Computers in biology and medicine.