Développement d'un simulateur de performances pour le spectrographe NIRSpec du futur télescope spatial JWST

Le futur telescope spatial JWST (James Webb Space Telescope) sera lance en 2013. Concu pour observer dans l'infrarouge de 0.6 a 27 µm, ce telescope sera equipe, entre autres instruments, du spectrographe multi-objets NIRSpec (Near Infrared Spectrograph). Dans cette these, nous modelisons et analysons les performances optiques de cet instrument developpe par EADS/Astrium pour l'Agence Spatiale Europeenne (ESA). Notre etude se concentre sur la qualite d'image, la distorsion et l'efficacite totale de NIRSpec. Ces calculs de performances reposent sur un code d'optique de Fourier developpe durant cette these. Dans ce manuscrit, nous discutons les hypotheses et les limites de notre approche et nous presentons les resultats obtenus par l'etude de la distorsion et des effets de la diffraction. Ces resultats ont ete utilises pour verifier des points clefs de la conception de NIRSpec. La complexite de NIRSpec nous a egalement amenes a developper un simulateur complet de l'optique et des detecteurs. Nous decrivons les algorithmes mis au point pour ces simulations ainsi que les elements importants de leur implementation (optimisation des temps de calculs). Les poses ainsi crees sont actuellement utilisees pour tester les futurs logiciels de traitement des donnees NIRSpec.

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