The role of the pathologist in the management of breast cancer

The pathologist is a consultant in breast cancer management whoseresponsibility is to establish the histologic diagnosis of cancer as wellas its anatomic extent once sufficient tissue has been provided. Theconsultation also provides data that may be used to aid in selectingprimary or adjuvant therapy, evaluating new therapies, estimatingprognosis, and assessing outcome. Examples of such data are the TNMhistopathologic classification of the anatomic extent of the cancer usedfor the stage grouping (T = the extent of the primary tumor, N = theabsence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis, and M =the absence or presence of distant metastasis); tumor size, histologictype, and histologic and/or nuclear grade; assessment of blood vessel andlymphatic vessel invasion; analysis of steroid receptors, and other specialstudies as appropriate.

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