Amperometric uric acid biosensor based on poly(vinylferrocene)-gelatin-carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode.

In this study, a new uric acid biosensor was constructed based on ferrocene containing polymer poly(vinylferrocene) (PVF), carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNT) and gelatin (GEL) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Uricase enzyme (UOx) was immobilized covalently through N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethyaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxyl succinimide (NHS) chemistry onto c-MWCNT/GEL/PVF/GCE. The c-MWCNT/GEL/PVF composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Various experimental parameters such as pH, applied potential, enzyme loading, PVF and c-MWCNT concentration were investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions the dynamic linear range of uric acid was 2.0×10(-7) M-7.1×10(-4) M (R=0.9993) with the detection limit low to 2.3×10(-8) M. With good selectivity and sensitivity, the biosensor was successfully applied to determine the uric acid in human serum. The results of the biosensor were in good agreement with those obtained from standard method. Therefore, the presented biosensor could be a good promise for practical applications in real samples.

[1]  Nidhi Chauhan,et al.  An amperometric uric acid biosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotube-gold nanoparticle composite. , 2011, Analytical biochemistry.

[2]  Ş. Pekyardımcı,et al.  Amperometric carbon paste enzyme electrodes for uric acid determination with different mediators , 2011 .

[3]  Rajesh,et al.  Biomolecular immobilization on conducting polymers for biosensing applications. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[4]  Yanzhi Xia,et al.  The fabrication of poly (acridine orange)/graphene modified electrode with electrolysis micelle disruption method for selective determination of uric acid , 2012 .

[5]  M. Tomar,et al.  Highly sensitive and selective uric acid biosensor based on RF sputtered NiO thin film. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[6]  Luke M. Geever,et al.  Thermal behavior and mechanical properties of physically crosslinked PVA/Gelatin hydrogels. , 2010, Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.

[7]  S. Çete,et al.  An Amperometric Biosensor for Uric Acid Determination Prepared from Uricase Immobilized in Polypyrrole Film , 2006, Artificial cells, blood substitutes, and immobilization biotechnology.

[8]  Yuming Huang,et al.  Animal tissue-based chemiluminescence sensing of uric acid , 2005 .

[9]  Jing Fang,et al.  Serum Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Mortality: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, 1971-1992 , 2000 .

[10]  C. Pundir,et al.  Construction of amperometric uric acid biosensor based on uricase immobilized on PBNPs/cMWCNT/PANI/Au composite. , 2012, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[11]  F. Grases,et al.  Determination of uric acid in urine, saliva and calcium oxalate renal calculi by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[12]  V. L. Silva,et al.  An Inexpensive Biosensor for Uric Acid Determination in Human Serum by Flow-Injection Analysis , 2005 .

[13]  C. Pundir,et al.  Discrete analysis of serum uric acid with immobilized uricase and peroxidase. , 1999, Journal of biochemical and biophysical methods.

[14]  V. Lohsoonthorn,et al.  Prevalence of hyperuricemia and its relationship with metabolic syndrome in Thai adults receiving annual health exams. , 2006, Archives of medical research.

[15]  F. R. Rocha,et al.  A flow-based procedure with solenoid micro-pumps for the spectrophotometric determination of uric acid in urine , 2010 .

[16]  Y. Tsai,et al.  Immobilization of lactate dehydrogenase within multiwalled carbon nanotube-chitosan nanocomposite for application to lactate biosensors , 2007 .

[17]  C. Pundir,et al.  Construction and application of an amperometric uric acid biosensor based on covalent immobilization of uricase on iron oxide nanoparticles/chitosan-g-polyaniline composite film electrodeposited on Pt electrode , 2014 .

[18]  P. Erden,et al.  A review of enzymatic uric acid biosensors based on amperometric detection. , 2013, Talanta.

[19]  M. Smyth,et al.  Poly(o-aminophenol)-modified bienzyme carbon paste electrode for the detection of uric acid. , 1996, Talanta.

[20]  Fan Yin,et al.  A Uric Acid Biosensor Based on Langmuir-Blodgett Film as an Enzyme-Immobilizing Matrix , 2010 .

[21]  Emma L. Smith,et al.  Use of neutron reflectivity to measure the dynamics of solvation and structural changes in polyvinylferrocene films during electrochemically controlled redox cycling. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[22]  Shen-ming Chen,et al.  Amperometric glucose sensor based on glucose oxidase immobilized on gelatin-multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode. , 2011, Bioelectrochemistry.

[23]  Ş. Pekyardımcı,et al.  A New Amperometric Carbon Paste Enzyme Electrode for Ethanol Determination , 2007 .

[24]  F. Arslan.  An Amperometric Biosensor for Uric Acid Determination Prepared From Uricase Immobilized in Polyaniline-Polypyrrole Film , 2008, Sensors.

[25]  W. Nyhan,et al.  The recognition of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome as an inborn error of purine metabolism , 1997, Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease.

[26]  S. Kuwabata,et al.  PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF AMPEROMETRIC URIC ACID SENSORS , 1998 .

[27]  Lei Yu,et al.  Novel Uric Acid Sensor Based on Enzyme Electrode Modified by ZnO Nanoparticles and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes , 2009 .

[28]  Burak Derkus,et al.  A novel carboxymethylcellulose-gelatin-titanium dioxide-superoxide dismutase biosensor; electrochemical properties of carboxymethylcellulose-gelatin-titanium dioxide-superoxide dismutase. , 2013, Bioelectrochemistry.

[29]  Gerald F Falasca,et al.  Metabolic diseases: gout. , 2006, Clinics in dermatology.

[30]  R. Pemberton,et al.  Development of a sandwich format, amperometric screen-printed uric acid biosensor for urine analysis. , 2012, Analytical biochemistry.

[31]  T. Srinivas,et al.  Unearthing uric acid: an ancient factor with recently found significance in renal and cardiovascular disease. , 2006, Kidney international.

[32]  Nahar Singh,et al.  An amperometric uric acid biosensor based on Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate crosslinker/3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane surface modified ITO glass electrode , 2010 .

[33]  Claudio Cortese,et al.  Uricase biosensor based on a screen-printed electrode modified with Prussian blue for detection of uric acid in human blood serum , 2013 .

[34]  Hong Dai,et al.  Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin protein entrapped in graphene and chitosan composite film. , 2010, Talanta.

[35]  F. Kuralay,et al.  Potentiometric enzyme electrode for urea determination using immobilized urease in poly(vinylferrocenium) film , 2005 .

[36]  Jin Guo,et al.  Amperometric sensor based on ferrocene-modified multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites as electron mediator for the determination of glucose. , 2009, Analytical biochemistry.

[37]  B. J. Venton,et al.  Review: Carbon nanotube based electrochemical sensors for biomolecules. , 2010, Analytica chimica acta.

[38]  Yufeng Zheng,et al.  Gelatin-functionalized carbon nanotubes for the bioelectrochemistry of hemoglobin , 2007 .

[39]  J. Castillo,et al.  Direct determination of uric acid in serum by a fluorometric-enzymatic method based on uricase. , 2001, Talanta.