Measuring the concentration of carboxylic acid groups in torrefied spruce wood.

[1]  Kj Krzysztof Ptasinski,et al.  Biomass upgrading by torrefaction for the production of biofuels: A review , 2011 .

[2]  Victor R Vasquez,et al.  Effect of thermal pretreatment on equilibrium moisture content of lignocellulosic biomass. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[3]  Giana Almeida,et al.  Influence of torrefaction on some chemical and energy properties of maritime pine and pedunculate oak , 2011, BioResources.

[4]  Po Chih Kuo,et al.  Torrefaction and co-torrefaction characterization of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin as well as , 2011 .

[5]  M. Hupa,et al.  Ash-forming elements in four Scandinavian wood species part 3: Combustion of five spruce samples , 2011 .

[6]  M. Pétrissans,et al.  Use of wood elemental composition to predict heat treatment intensity and decay resistance of different softwood and hardwood species , 2010 .

[7]  P. Perré,et al.  Alterations in energy properties of eucalyptus wood and bark subjected to torrefaction: the potential of mass loss as a synthetic indicator. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[8]  A. Ivaska,et al.  Sorption of metal ions to untreated, alkali-treated and peroxide-bleached TMP , 2010 .

[9]  Mikko Hupa,et al.  Chemical forms of ash-forming elements in woody biomass fuels , 2010 .

[10]  O. G. Adeyemi,et al.  Multistage optimization of the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto defatted Carica papaya seeds , 2009 .

[11]  Jenny M. Jones,et al.  Torrefaction of reed canary grass, wheat straw and willow to enhance solid fuel qualities and combustion properties , 2008 .

[12]  J. J. Pis,et al.  Influence of torrefaction on the grindability and reactivity of woody biomass , 2008 .

[13]  P. Perré,et al.  Changes in wood-water relationship due to heat treatment assessed on micro-samples of three Eucalyptus species , 2008 .

[14]  J. Reeves,et al.  Development of acid functional groups and lactones during the thermal degradation of wood and wood components , 2008 .

[15]  Haiping Yang,et al.  Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis , 2007 .

[16]  A. Temiz,et al.  Weathering, water absorption, and durability of silicon, acetylated, and heat‐treated wood , 2006 .

[17]  Sanjeev Mehta,et al.  Adsorption isotherms for red chilli (Capsicum annum L.) , 2006 .

[18]  M. Hakkou,et al.  Investigations of the reasons for fungal durability of heat-treated beech wood , 2006 .

[19]  P. Fardim,et al.  Fast determination of anionic groups in different pulp fibers by methylene blue sorption , 2003 .

[20]  A. Ivaska,et al.  Critical comparison and validation of methods for determination of anionic groups in pulp fibres , 2002 .

[21]  A. Pizzi,et al.  Heat-treated timber: potentially toxic byproducts presence and extent of wood cell wall degradation , 2000, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff.

[22]  Harald Brelid,et al.  Spatial distribution and modes of chemical attachment of metal ions in spruce wood , 2000 .

[23]  J. Buchert,et al.  CHARGED GROUPS IN WOOD AND MECHANICAL PULPS , 2000 .

[24]  Harald Brelid,et al.  Spatial distribution and chemical attachments of metal ions in spruce wood , 1999 .

[25]  Kartic C. Khilar,et al.  Pyrolysis characteristics of biomass and biomass components. , 1996 .

[26]  S. Sjöberg,et al.  Potentiometric titration of unbleached kraft cellulose fibre surfaces , 1994 .

[27]  J. Macdonald.  Equilibria and ΔG , 1990 .

[28]  E. Sjöström.  The origin of charge on cellulosic fibers , 1989 .

[29]  W. Degroot.  Preliminary investigation of the association of inorganic cations with carboxylic acid groups in wood , 1985 .

[30]  H. Schafer.  Pyrolysis of brown coals. 1. Decomposition of acid groups in coals containing carboxyl groups in the acid and cation forms , 1979 .

[31]  L. Greenspan.  Humidity Fixed Points of Binary Saturated Aqueous Solutions , 1977, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and Chemistry.

[32]  H. Schafer,et al.  Determination of acidic functional groups in low-rank coals: comparison of ion-exchange and non-aqueous titration methods , 1976 .

[33]  Fred Shafizadeh,et al.  Chemical composition and thermal analysis of cottonwood , 1971 .

[34]  G. Davidson.  34—THE DETERMINATION OF METHYLENE BLUE , 1947 .

[35]  Daniel C. Harris,et al.  Quantitative Chemical Analysis , 1968, Nature.