A Pedagogic Framework to Link GIS to the Intellectual Core of Geography

Abstract This paper aims to develop a new pedagogic framework for teaching GIS at the college and university level using Berry's geographic matrix. By synthesizing different schools of thought, this paper argues that GIS education essentially involves two aspects—how to teach about GIS and how to teach with GIS. Berry's geographic matrix can be used to tie these dual aspects of GIS education together neatly. As an abstract representation of geographical phenomena, the geographic matrix embeds all three entities of GIS—location, attribute, time—and thus can help GIS instructors teach about GIS. As a synthesis of geographical approaches, the geographic matrix can assist GIS instructors teach with GIS. This paper demonstrates that GIS is actually an implementation of Berry's geographic matrix. Furthermore, the 10 approaches to geographical analysis, originally proposed by Berry for the geographic matrix, can be executed routinely in a GIS environment. By incorporating Berry's geographic matrix into GIS educa...

[1]  Stephen J. Walsh,et al.  Spatial Education and Integrated Hands-on Training: Essential Foundations of GIS Instruction , 1992 .

[2]  W. Pattison.  The Four Traditions of Geography , 1964 .

[3]  J. Berliner.  The Feet of the Natives are Large: An Essay on Anthropology by an Economist , 1962, Current Anthropology.

[4]  Bennett,et al.  The Plan for Chicago , 1910 .

[5]  Konrad Dramowicz,et al.  Addressing GIS personnel requirements: A model for education and training , 1993 .

[6]  M. Nellis.  Technology in Geographic Education: Reflections and Future Directions. , 1994 .

[7]  Brian J. L. Berry,et al.  APPROACHES TO REGIONAL ANALYSIS: A SYNTHESIS , 1964 .

[8]  Ling Bian,et al.  Cartographic Modeling of Snow Avalanche Path Location within Glacier National Park, Montana , 1990 .

[9]  Roger P. Miller.  Beyond Method, Beyond Ethics: Integrating Social Theory into GIS and GIS into Social Theory , 1995 .

[10]  Robert J. Rogerson.  Teaching generic GIS using commercial software , 1992, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[11]  Michael F. Goodchild,et al.  Teaching GIS in Geography , 1992 .

[12]  J M Morgan,et al.  Academic GIS education: assessing the state of the art , 1993 .

[13]  P. Taylor.  Editorial comment GKS , 1990 .

[14]  Michael F. Goodchild,et al.  Integrating GIS and spatial data analysis: problems and possibilities , 1992, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[15]  David M. Stoms.  Scale Dependence of Species Richness Maps , 1994 .

[16]  Michael F. Goodchild,et al.  DEVELOPING A CURRICULUM IN GIS: THE NCGIA CORE CURRICULUM PROJECT , 1991 .

[17]  Stan Openshaw,et al.  A View on the GIS Crisis in Geography, or, Using GIS to Put Humpty-Dumpty Back Together Again , 1991 .

[18]  A. Penzias.  Ideas and Information: Managing in a High-Tech World , 1989 .

[19]  S. Aronoff.  Geographic Information Systems: A Management Perspective , 1989 .

[20]  Ines M. Miyares,et al.  Specializations in “Jobs in Geography”: 1990–1992∗ , 1994 .

[21]  G. Langran.  Time in Geographic Information Systems , 1990 .

[22]  Manfred M. Fischer,et al.  Geographic information systems and spatial analysis , 1992 .

[23]  S. Walsh.  Geographic Information Systems An Instructional Tool for Earth Science Educators , 1988 .

[24]  M. Goodchild,et al.  A place for GIS in the secondary schools? Lessons from the NCGIA secondary education project , 1993 .

[25]  Michael Gould.  GIS design: a hermeneutic view , 1994 .

[26]  Martin Charlton,et al.  A Mark 1 Geographical Analysis Machine for the automated analysis of point data sets , 1987, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[27]  Carl O. Sauer,et al.  THE EDUCATION OF A GEOGRAPHER , 1956 .

[28]  B. Berry.  CREATING FUTURE GEOGRAPHIES , 1980 .

[29]  Michael R. Curry,et al.  Image, practice and the hidden impacts of geographic information systems , 1994 .

[30]  Mark Ross,et al.  Integrated Hydrologic Modeling with Geographic Information Systems , 1993 .

[31]  David J. Cowen,et al.  GIS versus CAD versus DBMS: What are the Differences? Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing , 1990 .

[32]  R. Abler,et al.  What Shall We Say? To Whom Shall We Speak?1 , 1987 .

[33]  John Pickles,et al.  Discourse on Method and the History of Discipline: Reflections on Dobson's 1983 Automated Geography∗ , 1993 .

[34]  Relationships of Louisiana Colonial Land Claims with Potential Natural Vegetation and Historic Standing Structures: A GIS Approach* , 1993 .

[35]  Nicholas Chrisman,et al.  A FRAMEWORK FOR MODEL CURRICULA DEVELOPMENT IN CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS , 1989 .

[36]  Eric Sheppard,et al.  Automated Geography: What Kind of Geography for What Kind of Society? , 1993 .

[37]  D. Unwin,et al.  Developing the Effective Use of Information Technology in Teaching and Learning in Geography: The Computers in Teaching Initiative Centre for Geography. , 1990 .

[38]  David J. Maguire,et al.  A syllabus for teaching geographical information systems , 1990, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[39]  Nigel Waters,et al.  TEACHING THE NCGIA CURRICULUM IN PRACTICE: ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION , 1991 .

[40]  J. E. Dobson.  Commentary: a conceptual framework for integrating remote sensing, GIS, and geography , 1993 .

[41]  Nancy J. Obermeyer.  GIS: A New Profession? , 1994 .

[42]  J. E. Dobson.  The Geographic Revolution: A Retrospective on the Age of Automated Geography , 1993 .

[43]  J. Hart.  The Highest Form Of The Geographer's Art , 1982 .

[44]  Luc Anselin,et al.  Linking GIS and spatial data analysis in practice , 1993 .

[45]  D. Peuquet.  It's About Time: A Conceptual Framework for the Representation of Temporal Dynamics in Geographic Information Systems , 1994 .

[46]  Qiming Zhou,et al.  GIS education and training: An Australian perspective , 1993 .

[47]  Donna J. Peuquet,et al.  Representations of Geographic Space: Toward a Conceptual Synthesis , 1988 .

[48]  Jay Gao.  Identification of topographic settings conducive to landsliding from dem in Nelson county, Virginia, U.S.A. , 1993 .

[49]  Clifford A. Shaffer.  Project GeoSim: A GIS-Based Simulation Laboratory for Introductory Geography. , 1993 .

[50]  Kenneth L. White,et al.  Geographic Information Systems as an Educational Tool. , 1993 .

[51]  Timothy G. F. Kittel,et al.  Regional Analysis of the Central Great Plains , 1991 .

[52]  J. Habermas,et al.  Knowledge and Human Interests , 1972 .

[53]  T. Bernhardsen.  Geographic Information Systems: An Introduction , 1999 .

[54]  Michael F. Goodchild,et al.  A spatial analytical perspective on geographical information systems , 1987, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[55]  Torsten Hägerstrand,et al.  The Computer and the Geographer , 1967 .

[56]  R. Hartshorne.  Perspective On The Nature Of Geography , 1960 .

[57]  Shih-Lung Shaw,et al.  Hub structures of major US passenger airlines. , 1993 .

[58]  Terry Coppock.  GIS education in Europe , 1992, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..