Photorefractive Optical Interconnects

A wide range of optical interconnection schemes using photorefractive holograms has been proposed and demonstrated worldwide. This chapter provides an overview of this new technology and discusses some of the highlights achieved and the technical challenges ahead. Optical interconnection can be classified in a variety of ways based on their functionality, architecture, network topology, or other features. The interconnection network can be either fixed or reconfigurable. The transmission medium can be either free-space or guided structures, such as optical fibers or waveguides. The distance involved can range from a few microns for intra-chip gate-to-gate interconnection to several kilometers for machine-to-machine interconnection, and thousands of kilometers in telecommunications. The interconnection can be either one-to-one or one-to-many. The latter can be further classified into nonselective broadcasting, in which the signal from one source is broadcast to all the receivers without any discrimination, versus selective broadcasting, in which the signal from each source is distributed to a few selected receivers. The chapter discusses the properties of photorefractive two-wave mixing, optical phase conjugation in photorefractive materials and interconnections based on passive holographic storage in photorefractive media.

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