Optimization Model for Efficient Allocation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations: Application to a Dense Urban Network

The expansion of electric vehicles implies an optimized and cost-effective deployment of charging stations. As a decision support tool for network design, the authors define a methodology to locate charging stations in a real case study network. This study uses origin-destination (OD) matrix information from household travel survey mixed with a dynamic model to evaluate electric vehicles consumption based on realistic trips (urban cycles). These trips are computed based on routing tools and augmented with elevation information. This enables a characterization of energy needs in the City of Lyon. All these parameters are used as inputs of an integer linear model for the location of charging stations. The methodology adapts the classic fixed charge location model with a p-dispersion constraint. The results indicate that this methodology can help the future implementation of charging stations at a urban scale.