Knochenaufbau – Knochenersatzmaterialien

Diese Methode wurde zum ersten Mal erfolgreich im Jahr 1879 von Sir William MacEwen durchgeführt und 1881 dokumentiert. Die Gewinnung des Transplantats erfolgt heute in der Regel von Organspendern (Abb. 1). Es ist aber auchmöglich, allogenes Material aus Hüftköpfen von Patienten zu entnehmen, die einen künstlichen Gelenkersatz erhalten. Einzig und allein die Alterung der Explantate unter Lagerungsbedingungen begrenzt die Verwendbarkeit von allogenem Knochen, d.h. sie werden biologisch immer weniger aktiv, nach etwa 1 Jahr Lagerung sind sie nahezu wirkungslos.

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