Effects of Reader-to-Reader Interference on the UHF RFID Interrogation Range

In this paper, the effects of ultrahigh-frequency band passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader-to-reader interference are investigated in terms of the interrogation range. A reader-to-reader interference model based on interference statistics is proposed, and the nominal interrogation range of a desired reader is derived by this model. In order to evaluate the RFID reader-to-reader interference quantitatively, the interrogation-range-reduction ratio (IRRR) is also defined. For a simple case with only one interfering reader, the analytic and experimental results are in good agreement. Reader-reader distance achieving 0% IRRR, indicating no interference between the readers, is 1200 m for the multiple-reader environment. Additionally, IRRR values are calculated in various environments according to the North American and Korean regulations. The maximum number of allowable interfering readers is then calculated by the proposed interference model and a target IRRR.

[1]  Daniel W. Engels,et al.  Colorwave: an anticollision algorithm for the reader collision problem , 2003, IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003. ICC '03..

[2]  Daniel W. Engels,et al.  HiQ: a hierarchical Q-learning algorithm to solve the reader collision problem , 2006, International Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops (SAINTW'06).

[3]  C. Dehollain,et al.  Remotely powered addressable UHF RFID integrated system , 2005, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[4]  S. Kjesbu,et al.  Radiowave propagation in industrial environments , 2000, 2000 26th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IECON 2000. 2000 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation. 21st Century Technologies.

[5]  Jong-Gwan Yook,et al.  Interference Analysis of UHF RFID Systems , 2008 .

[6]  Martin Fischer,et al.  Fully integrated passive UHF RFID transponder IC with 16.7-μW minimum RF input power , 2003, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits.

[7]  V. Vyatkin,et al.  Now That's Smart! , 2007, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine.

[8]  Kim-Fung Man,et al.  Wireless communication network design in IC factory , 2001, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[9]  ArbitrationDon R. Hush,et al.  Analysis of Tree Algorithms for RFID , 1998 .

[10]  Joongheon Kim,et al.  Effect of localized optimal clustering for reader anti-collision in RFID networks: fairness aspects to the readers , 2005, Proceedings. 14th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, 2005. ICCCN 2005..

[11]  Mun Leng Ng,et al.  The reader collision problem in RFID systems , 2005, 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications.

[12]  Daniel W. Engels,et al.  Radio Frequency Identification and the Electronic Product Code , 2001, IEEE Micro.

[13]  Alle-Jan van der Veen,et al.  Separation of overlapping RFID signals by antenna arrays , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing.

[14]  Ananth Grama,et al.  Redundant reader elimination in RFID systems , 2005, 2005 Second Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2005. IEEE SECON 2005..

[15]  G. Iannaccone,et al.  Design criteria for the RF section of UHF and microwave passive RFID transponders , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[16]  Lucia Lo Bello,et al.  Design and Implementation of an Educational Testbed for Experiencing With Industrial Communication Networks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[17]  Samuel Fosso Wamba,et al.  An Inside Look at RFID Technology , 2007 .

[18]  Yuping Zhao,et al.  Mathematical Analysis for Binary Tree Algorithm in RFID , 2008, VTC Spring 2008 - IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.

[19]  Jun-Seok Park,et al.  Effects of reader interference on the RFID interrogation range , 2007, 2007 European Microwave Conference.

[20]  M. Hecht,et al.  Delay modulation , 1969 .

[21]  Ygal Bendavid,et al.  B-to-B E-Commerce: Assessing the Impacts of RFID Technology in a Five Layer Supply Chain , 2007, 2007 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'07).