“If You Can’t Dazzle Them with Brilliance, Baffle Them with Nonsense”: Extending the Impact of the Disrupt-Then-Reframe Technique of Social Influence

Three experiments extended earlier findings on the impact of the Disrupt-Then-Reframe (DTR) technique on compliance. This technique is comprised of a subtle, odd element in a typical scripted request, the "disruption," followed by a persuasive phrase, the "reframing." Based on the thought-disruption hypothesis (Petty & Wegener, 1999), we argue that its impact is generalizable across situations and that disrupting a conventional sales script not only increases the impact of the new reframing, but also increases susceptibility to influence resulting from other (congruence-based) persuasion techniques embedded in the influence setting. Three experiments provided support for our expectations. Specifically, the DTR technique reduced the extent of counter-argumentation to a sales script and boosted the impact of two other persuasion techniques: the continued questions procedure and message-goal congruence. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

[1]  A Agresti,et al.  Tutorial on modeling ordered categorical response data. , 1989, Psychological bulletin.

[2]  E. Langer,et al.  Matters of mind: Mindfulness/mindlessness in perspective , 1992, Consciousness and Cognition.

[3]  A. Pratkanis,et al.  Hey Buddy, Can You Spare Seventeen Cents? Mindful Persuasion and the Pique Technique1 , 1994 .

[4]  Charlotte H. Mason,et al.  Responses to Information Incongruency in Advertising: The Role of Expectancy, Relevancy, and Humor , 1999 .

[5]  Margaret C. Campbell,et al.  The Moderating Effect of Perceived Risk on Consumers’ Evaluations of Product Incongruity: Preference for the Norm , 2001 .

[6]  E. Tory Higgins,et al.  Promotion and prevention as a motivational duality: Implications for evaluative processes. , 1999 .

[7]  Duane T. Wegener,et al.  The elaboration likelihood model: Current status and controversies. , 1999 .

[8]  E. S. Knowles,et al.  Mindfulness Limits Compliance with the That's-Not-AU Technique , 1998 .

[9]  John A. Bargh,et al.  Losing Consciousness: Automatic Influences on Consumer Judgment, Behavior, and Motivation , 2002 .

[10]  Richard E. Petty,et al.  The Multiple Source Effect in Persuasion , 1981 .

[11]  Franziska Marquart,et al.  Communication and persuasion : central and peripheral routes to attitude change , 1988 .

[12]  J. Bargh,et al.  The automated will: nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals. , 2001, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[13]  R. Cialdini,et al.  Preference for Consistency: The Development of a Valid Measure and the Discovery of Surprising Behavioral Implications , 1995 .

[14]  Robin R. Vallacher,et al.  A Theory Of Action Identification , 1985 .

[15]  Michael A. Patch Differential Perception of Source Legitimacy in Sequential Request Strategies , 1988 .

[16]  E. Tory Higgins,et al.  How Self-Regulation Creates Distinct Values: The Case of Promotion and Prevention Decision Making , 2002 .

[17]  J. Aaker,et al.  The Malleable Self: The Role of Self-Expression in Persuasion , 1999 .

[18]  S. Chaiken,et al.  Communication modality as a determinant of message persuasiveness and message comprehensibility. , 1976 .

[19]  Frank R. Kardes,et al.  Consumer Behavior and Managerial Decision Making , 1998 .

[20]  Susan T. Fiske,et al.  Affect and cognition : the seventeenth annual Carnegie Symposium on Cognition , 1982 .

[21]  S. Chaiken Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion. , 1980 .

[22]  E. Langer,et al.  The Mindlessness of Ostensibly Thoughtful Action: The Role of "Placebic" Information in Interpersonal Interaction , 1978 .

[23]  S. Chaiken,et al.  Dual-process theories in social psychology , 1999 .

[24]  Robin R. Vallacher,et al.  The emergence of action , 1984 .

[25]  M. Erickson,et al.  THE CONFUSION TECHNIQUE IN HYPNOSIS. , 1964, The American journal of clinical hypnosis.

[26]  David R. Shaffer,et al.  Vividness Can Undermine or Enhance Message Processing: The Moderating Role of Vividness Congruency , 2000 .

[27]  Social labeling and compliance: An evaluation of the link between the label and the request , 2001 .

[28]  E. S. Knowles,et al.  A Disrupt-Then-Reframe Technique of Social Influence , 1999 .

[29]  D. A. Kenny,et al.  The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. , 1986, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[30]  D. J. Howard,et al.  Familiar Phrases as Peripheral Persuasion Cues , 1997 .

[31]  R. Ryan,et al.  The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. , 2003, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[32]  Robin R. Vallacher,et al.  What do people think they're doing? Action identification and human behavior. , 1987 .

[33]  Blair T. Johnson,et al.  Effects of involvement on persuasion: a meta-analysis , 1989 .

[34]  J. Burger The Foot-in-the-Door Compliance Procedure: A Multiple-Process Analysis and Review , 1999, Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

[35]  Joseph P. Forgas,et al.  Social Influence: Direct and Indirect Processes , 2001 .

[36]  D. Bem Self-Perception Theory , 1972 .

[37]  Elita Israhayu Consumer behavior and managerial decision making , 2003 .

[38]  E. Higgins Promotion and Prevention: Regulatory Focus as A Motivational Principle , 1998 .

[39]  R. Cialdini Influence: Science and Practice , 1984 .