Armstrong's Axioms

We present a formalization of the seminal paper byW.W. Armstrong [1] on functional dependencies in relational data bases. The paper is formalized in its entirety including examples and applications. The formalization was done with a routine effort albeit some new notions were defined which simplified formulation of some theorems and proofs. The definitive reference to the theory of relational databases is [15], where saturated sets are called closed sets. Armstrong’s “axioms” for functional dependencies are still widely taught at all levels of database design, see for instance [13].

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