Computational Methods for Analyzing Functional and Effective Brain Network Connectivity Using fMRI

Brain connectivity investigation using fMRI time series have begun since the mid-1990s and provided a new world for researchers, especially neuroscientists, to survey the human brain network with high precision. The present study seeks to provide an overview of the computational methods available for brain connectivity, which are divided into two general categories: functional connectivity and effective connectivity. The former examines the temporal correlation between spatially remote brain areas, and the latter is about the effects of brain regions on each other. Based on these two categories of connectivity, the computational methods presented in the literature along with their strengths and weaknesses are discussed.

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