Modeling and Delay Analysis of Intermittent V2U Communication in Secluded Areas

This paper investigates the data-delivery latency in the context of intermittent vehicle-to-UAV (V2U) communications. Precisely, a V2U communication scenario is considered where vehicles opportunistically establish connectivity with passing by UAVs for a limited period of time during which these vehicles transmit data packets to in-range UAVs serving as flying base stations and, in turn, are responsible for delivering these packets to backbone networks and/or routing them over the Internet. A mathematical framework is established with the objective of modeling the vehicles’ OnBoard Units’ (OBUs’) buffers as single-server queueing systems. The established queueing model will allow for the evaluation of the V2U communication system in terms of the average data packet delivery delay. Extensive simulations are conducted with the objective of asserting the validity and accuracy of the proposed queueing model as well as providing further insights into the delay sensibility to various system parameters.

[1]  Mustafa K. Mehmet Ali,et al.  A Performance Modeling of Connectivity in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[2]  Kritika Jain,et al.  CVMS: Cloud based vehicle monitoring system in VANETs , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE).

[3]  Halim Yanikomeroglu,et al.  On the Number and 3D Placement of Drone Base Stations in Wireless Cellular Networks , 2016, 2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall).

[4]  Rui Zhang,et al.  Wireless communications with unmanned aerial vehicles: opportunities and challenges , 2016, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[5]  Ismail Güvenç,et al.  UAV assisted heterogeneous networks for public safety communications , 2015, 2015 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW).

[6]  Frank Eliassen,et al.  Self-Organization as a Supporting Paradigm for Military UAV Relay Networks , 2016, IEEE Communications Letters.

[7]  Hakim Ghazzai,et al.  On the Placement of UAV Docking Stations for Future Intelligent Transportation Systems , 2017, 2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring).

[8]  David W. Matolak,et al.  Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Air-Ground Channel Characterization for Future Applications , 2015, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine.

[9]  Walid Saad,et al.  Mobile Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for Energy-Efficient Internet of Things Communications , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[10]  Yi Zhou,et al.  Multi-UAV-Aided Networks: Aerial-Ground Cooperative Vehicular Networking Architecture , 2015, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine.

[11]  Luiz Fernando Bittencourt,et al.  A seamless flow mobility management architecture for vehicular communication networks , 2013, Journal of Communications and Networks.

[12]  Pascal Lorenz,et al.  UAV-Assisted Supporting Services Connectivity in Urban VANETs , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[13]  Sonia Aïssa,et al.  Performance modeling of message dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks , 2010, IEEE 5th International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing 2010.

[14]  Chung-Yuan Huang,et al.  Impact of Vehicular Networks on Emergency Medical Services in Urban Areas , 2014, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[15]  Walid Saad,et al.  Unmanned Aerial Vehicle With Underlaid Device-to-Device Communications: Performance and Tradeoffs , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[16]  Ismail Güvenç,et al.  UAV-Enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems for the Smart City: Applications and Challenges , 2017, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[17]  Lu Wang,et al.  Multiple Access MmWave Design for UAV-Aided 5G Communications , 2019, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[18]  Walid Saad,et al.  Efficient Deployment of Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Optimal Wireless Coverage , 2016, IEEE Communications Letters.

[19]  David W. Matolak,et al.  A Survey of Air-to-Ground Propagation Channel Modeling for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles , 2018, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[20]  Halim Yanikomeroglu,et al.  The New Frontier in RAN Heterogeneity: Multi-Tier Drone-Cells , 2016, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[21]  Chadi Abou-Rjeily,et al.  UAV-Aided Cooperation for FSO Communication Systems , 2018, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[22]  Chadi Assi,et al.  Modeling and Performance Analysis of UAV-Assisted Vehicular Networks , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[23]  Mahmood Fathy,et al.  Analytical Model for Connectivity in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[24]  Chadi Assi,et al.  Unmanned Aerial Vehicles as Store-Carry-Forward Nodes for Vehicular Networks , 2017, IEEE Access.

[25]  Chadi Assi,et al.  Modeling and Delay Analysis of Intermittently Connected Roadside Communication Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[26]  Chadi Assi,et al.  Multihop V2I Communications: A Feasibility Study, Modeling, and Performance Analysis , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[27]  Wenchao Xu,et al.  Internet of vehicles in big data era , 2018, IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica.

[28]  Chadi Assi,et al.  Joint Optimization of UAV Trajectory and Radio Resource Allocation for Drive-Thru Vehicular Networks , 2019, 2019 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[29]  Yohan Dupuis,et al.  A Survey of Vision-Based Traffic Monitoring of Road Intersections , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[30]  Kandeepan Sithamparanathan,et al.  Optimal LAP Altitude for Maximum Coverage , 2014, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters.

[31]  Walid Saad,et al.  A Tutorial on UAVs for Wireless Networks: Applications, Challenges, and Open Problems , 2018, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[32]  Leonard Kleinrock,et al.  Queueing Systems: Volume I-Theory , 1975 .

[33]  Ouns Bouachir,et al.  A mobility model for UAV ad hoc network , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS).

[34]  Fen Zhou,et al.  Intelligent UAV-assisted routing protocol for urban VANETs , 2017, Comput. Commun..

[35]  Daniel Krajzewicz,et al.  Recent Development and Applications of SUMO - Simulation of Urban MObility , 2012 .

[36]  Ali Ghrayeb,et al.  Trajectory Planning and Resource Allocation of Multiple UAVs for Data Delivery in Vehicular Networks , 2019, IEEE Networking Letters.