Uses unexpired patent to re-evaluate innovation performance by h-index and h-core indicators

The main objective of this study is to assist scholars and practitioners by proposing a practical and replicable approach to extract substantial patent count and patent's cited times without abusing the data to re-evaluate productivity and impact of innovation performance. There have been few quantitative patent indicators concerning the validity of patent; therefore, the study discusses the methodological issues in interpreting h-index and h-core indicators with a normalized weighting score of rate of valid patents and rate of valid patent cited that can be used to weight the innovation performance. Our results show that valid patents have obtained higher rates compared to expired patents in average times of cited by whole patents, times of cited by valid patents and times of cited in 2012. The older valid patents in semiconductor are, the more valuable the patent may be. The impact of older valid patents is reflected on their average of times cited. After adjusting the weighted factors, the study further updates the ranking of the leading companies in semiconductor and reveals that Micron and Semi. Energy Lab. have achieved much better performance in innovation productivity and impact as the leading company in innovation. TI, AMD, Samsung, TSMC, Hitachi, Panasonic, Sony, and Seiko Epson are seen as innovation-growing companies; and IBM, Toshiba, Intel, NEC, Mitsubishi, UMC, Fujitsu, Infineon, Renesas, and Hynix Semi can be categorized as innovation-declining companies.

[1]  D. Harhoff,et al.  Technology policy for a world of skew-distributed outcomes , 2000 .

[2]  Bruno Van Pottelsberghe,et al.  The economics of the european patent system , 2007 .

[3]  Paul Almeida,et al.  Knowledge sourcing by foreign multinationals: Patent citation analysis in the U.S. semiconductor industry , 1996 .

[4]  Ariel Pakes,et al.  Estimates of the Value of Patent Rights in European Countries During Thepost-1950 Period , 1985 .

[5]  Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie,et al.  When Small is Beautiful: Measuring the Evolution and Consequences of the Voluminosity of Patent Applications at the Epo , 2006, Inf. Econ. Policy.

[6]  Ariel Pakes,et al.  Estimates of the Value of Patent Rights in European Countries During Thepost-1950 Period , 1985 .

[7]  Haiyang Zhang,et al.  What is Behind the Recent Surge in Patenting in China , 2010 .

[8]  Mu-Hsuan Huang,et al.  Positioning research and innovation performance using shape centroids of h-core and h-tail , 2011, J. Informetrics.

[9]  R. Sen,et al.  Using Patent Information in Technology Business Planning—I , 1988 .

[10]  Dominique Guellec,et al.  Claiming More: The Increased Voluminosity of Patent Applications and its Determinants , 2006 .

[11]  MU-HSUAN HUANG,et al.  Constructing a patent citation map using bibliographic coupling: A study of Taiwan's high-tech companies , 2003, Scientometrics.

[12]  Lutz Bornmann,et al.  The h index research output measurement: Two approaches to enhance its accuracy , 2010, J. Informetrics.

[13]  Nicolas van Zeebroeck,et al.  The puzzle of patent value indicators , 2011 .

[14]  Mary Ellen Mogee,et al.  International patent analysis as a tool for corporate technology analysis and planning , 1994 .

[15]  Ludo Waltman,et al.  Generalizing the H- and G-Indices , 2008, J. Informetrics.

[16]  Mu-Hsuan Huang,et al.  Ranking patent assignee performance by h-index and shape descriptors , 2011, J. Informetrics.

[17]  Holger Ernst,et al.  Patent information for strategic technology management , 2003 .

[18]  Mu-Hsuan Huang,et al.  Identifying and visualizing technology evolution: A case study of smart grid technology , 2012 .

[19]  Ronald Rousseau,et al.  Probing the h-core: an investigation of the tail–core ratio for rank distributions , 2010, Scientometrics.

[20]  A. Gambardella,et al.  The Market for Patents in Europe , 2006 .

[21]  Z. Griliches,et al.  Citations, Family Size, Opposition and the Value of Patent Rights Have Profited from Comments and Suggestions , 2002 .

[22]  Mu-Hsuan Huang,et al.  Evolution of Technology Dependence among Leading Semiconductor Companies , 2011, Ind. Manag. Data Syst..

[23]  A. Chakrabarti,et al.  Interorganizational transfer of knowledge: an analysis of patent citations of a defense firm , 1991, Technology Management : the New International Language.

[24]  Mary Ellen Mogee,et al.  Using Patent Data for Technology Analysis and Planning , 1991 .

[25]  Bronwyn H Hall,et al.  Market value and patent citations , 2005 .

[26]  Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie,et al.  A brief history of space and time: The scope-year index as a patent value indicator based on families and renewals , 2008, Scientometrics.

[27]  James Bessen.  The Value of U.S. Patents by Owner and Patent Characteristics , 2006 .

[28]  Manuel Trajtenberg,et al.  Patents, Citations, and Innovations: A Window on the Knowledge Economy , 2002 .

[29]  Z. Griliches.  Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: a Survey , 1990 .

[30]  Shang Jyh Liu,et al.  Strategic planning for technology development with patent analysis , 1997 .

[31]  Anthony Breitzman,et al.  Using Patent Citation Analysis to Target/Value M&A Candidates , 2002 .

[32]  D. Harhoff,et al.  The Value of European Patents , 2008 .

[33]  E. Mansfield.  Patents and Innovation: An Empirical Study , 1986 .

[34]  D. Harhoff,et al.  Determinants of Opposition against EPO Patent Grants – The Case of Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals ∗ , 2002 .

[35]  Mu-Hsuan Huang,et al.  Semiconductor Industry Value Chain - Characters' Technology Evolution , 2011, Ind. Manag. Data Syst..

[36]  Bhaven N. Sampat,et al.  Patent Citations and the Economic Value of Patents , 2004 .

[37]  Francisco Herrera,et al.  h-Index: A review focused in its variants, computation and standardization for different scientific fields , 2009, J. Informetrics.

[38]  Chaomei Chen,et al.  Tracing knowledge diffusion , 2004, Scientometrics.

[39]  J. E. Hirsch,et al.  An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output , 2005, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.

[40]  Mu-Hsuan Huang,et al.  Detecting the temporal gaps of technology fronts: A case study of smart grid field , 2012 .

[41]  M. Trajtenberg.  A Penny for Your Quotes : Patent Citations and the Value of Innovations , 1990 .