A sensitive and selective nitrite sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles and sulfonated graphene

AbstractWe describe a highly sensitive and selective amperometric sensor for the determination of nitrite. A glassy carbon electrode was modified with a composite made from gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and sulfonated graphene (SG). The modified electrode displays excellent electrocatalytic activity in terms of nitrite oxidation by giving much higher peak currents (at even lower oxidation overpotential) than those found for the bare electrode, the AuNPs-modified electrode, and the SG-modified electrode. The sensor has a linear response in the 10 μM to 3.96 mM concentration range, a very good detection sensitivity (45.44 μA mM−1), and a lower detection limit of 0.2 μM of nitrite. Most common ions and many environmental organic pollutants do not interfere. The sensor was successfully applied to the determination of nitrite in water samples, and the results were found to be consistent with the values obtained by spectrophotometry. FigureA highly sensitive amperometric sensor for nitrite using a glassy carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles/sulfonated graphene (AuNPs/SG) composites is presented

[1]  Yun Xing,et al.  A graphene-based electrochemical sensor for sensitive and selective determination of hydroquinone , 2011, Microchimica Acta.

[2]  G. Palleschi,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of polymeric films and nanotubule nets used to assemble selective sensors for nitrite detection in drinking water , 2007 .

[3]  Erkang Wang,et al.  Self-assembly of cationic polyelectrolyte-functionalized graphene nanosheets and gold nanoparticles: a two-dimensional heterostructure for hydrogen peroxide sensing. , 2010, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[4]  Hongyuan Chen,et al.  Potassium-doped graphene for simultaneous determination of nitrite and sulfite in polluted water , 2012 .

[5]  Yu Zhang,et al.  Simultaneous voltammetric determination for DA, AA and NO₂⁻ based on graphene/poly-cyclodextrin/MWCNTs nanocomposite platform. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[6]  E. Samulski,et al.  Synthesis of water soluble graphene. , 2008, Nano letters.

[7]  P. Niedzielski,et al.  A new tool for inorganic nitrogen speciation study: simultaneous determination of ammonium ion, nitrite and nitrate by ion chromatography with post-column ammonium derivatization by Nessler reagent and diode-array detection in rain water samples. , 2006, Analytica chimica acta.

[8]  Huan Pang,et al.  Electrostatic self-assembly for preparation of sulfonated graphene/gold nanoparticle hybrids and their application for hydrogen peroxide sensing , 2012 .

[9]  Richard G. Compton,et al.  Sonoelectrochemically enhanced nitrite detection , 2000 .

[10]  Hua Bai,et al.  Preparation of Gold Nanoparticle/Graphene Composites with Controlled Weight Contents and Their Application in Biosensors , 2010 .

[11]  C. Corradini,et al.  Determination of nitrates, nitrites and oxalates in food products by capillary electrophoresis with pH-dependent electroosmotic flow reversal , 2010 .

[12]  Wei Huang,et al.  In Situ Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Gold Nanocomposites for Nanoelectronics and Biosensing , 2010, Nanoscale research letters.

[13]  Guoming Xie,et al.  Detection of the human prostate-specific antigen using an aptasensor with gold nanoparticles encapsulated by graphitized mesoporous carbon , 2012, Microchimica Acta.

[14]  Shengshui Hu,et al.  Electrochemical sensors based on metal and semiconductor nanoparticles , 2009 .

[15]  P. Pohl,et al.  High-performance ion chromatography assessment of inorganic and organic nitrogen fractions in potatoes , 2006 .

[16]  Jianying Zhu,et al.  Controlled chitosan coated Prussian blue nanoparticles with the mixture of graphene nanosheets and carbon nanoshperes as a redox mediator for the electrochemical oxidation of nitrite , 2012 .

[17]  V. Kuznetsov,et al.  Flow-injection spectrophotometry of nitrites based on the diazotization reactions of azine dyes , 2007 .

[18]  Yang Liu,et al.  Amperometric detection of nitrite using a nanometer-sized gold colloid modified pretreated glassy carbon electrode , 2008 .

[19]  G. Palleschi,et al.  Rapid and Selective Electrochemical Determination of Nitrite in Cured Meat in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid , 2004 .

[20]  Shen-Ming Chen,et al.  Highly selective amperometric nitrite sensor based on chemically reduced graphene oxide modified electrode , 2012 .

[21]  B. Liu,et al.  Electrodeposition of cobalt oxide nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes, and their electrocatalytic properties for nitrite electrooxidation , 2011 .

[22]  L. Kubota,et al.  Amperometric sensor for nitrite using a glassy carbon electrode modified with alternating layers of iron(III) tetra-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphyrin and cobalt(II) tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine. , 2006, Talanta.

[23]  L. Dai,et al.  Determination of nitrite with the electrocatalytic property to the oxidation of nitrite on thionine modified aligned carbon nanotubes , 2007 .

[24]  Yikai Zhou,et al.  A novel nitrite biosensor based on single-layer graphene nanoplatelet-protein composite film. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[25]  Dehua Deng,et al.  Electrochemical synthesis of a graphene sheet and gold nanoparticle-based nanocomposite, and its application to amperometric sensing of dopamine , 2012, Microchimica Acta.

[26]  S. Epstein,et al.  Nitrosamines as Environmental Carcinogens , 1970, Nature.

[27]  R. Compton,et al.  Electrochemical determination of nitrite at a bare glassy carbon electrode; why chemically modify electrodes? , 2010 .

[28]  T. Kang,et al.  Synergetic effect of Pd–Fe nanoclusters: electrocatalysis of nitrite oxidation , 2008 .

[29]  M. Li,et al.  Self-assembly of copper and cobalt complexes with hierarchical size and catalytic properties for hydroxylation of phenol , 2011, Nanoscale research letters.

[30]  H. Hotta,et al.  Liquid core waveguide spectrophotometry for the sensitive determination of nitrite in river water samples. , 2006, Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.

[31]  K. Ho,et al.  A novel poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/iron phthalocyanine/multi-wall carbon nanotubes nanocomposite with high electrocatalytic activity for nitrite oxidation. , 2010, Talanta.

[32]  A. Srivastava,et al.  A facile and novel synthesis of Ag-graphene-based nanocomposites. , 2009, Small.

[33]  G. Raspi,et al.  Voltammetric behavior of nitrite ion on platinum in neutral and weakly acidic media. , 1972, Analytical chemistry.

[34]  F. Caruso,et al.  Spontaneous phase transfer of nanoparticulate metals from organic to aqueous media. , 2001, Angewandte Chemie.

[35]  Shen-ming Chen.  Bicatalyst electrocatalytic reduction and oxidation of nitrite by Fe(II) and Cu(II) complexes in the same solution , 1998 .

[36]  Peng Miao,et al.  Functionalization of platinum nanoparticles for electrochemical detection of nitrite , 2011, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[37]  A. Dembińska-kieć,et al.  Determination of nitrite/nitrate in human biological material by the simple Griess reaction. , 1998, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.